Flashcards in Chapters 6-11 Deck (44)
Loading flashcards...
1
Potentiative
Increase activity of drug
1 +1 =2
2
Inhibitory
Decrease the effect of the drug
1 + 1 =0
3
Change
Changes the drug activity/effectiveness completely
1 + 1 =orange
4
What all can drug interactions mess up?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or excretion
5
What happens when you mix the drug tetracyclines with calcium?
Tetracycline when taken with calcium will render the tetracycline inactive
Teeth and bones become grey
6
What happens when you mix the drug digoxin with fiber?
The fiber and digoxin bind causing the digoxin not to work. This can kill a patient
7
What happens when you mix the drugs with aluminum in them with citrus?
The body will start to absorb the aluminum when it normally would not
8
S.A.S.H
Why do you do S.A.S.H?
Saline flush
Administer medication
Saline flush
Heparin lock
Because you are adding an IV to the main IV line and you need to make sure the drug won't mix and have adverse effects with the other drug. More precautionary than anything. You do this just in case the previous nurse didn't do the saline flushes
9
Cytochrome P450 (CYP)
Messes stuff up to drugs (Knappiers words)
10
Substrate
Drug metabolized by CYP
11
Inducer
Speeds up a drug
12
Inhibitor
Slows down a drug
13
Anti-depresent Paroxetine is an inhibitor. What would happen if a patient was taking both paroxetine and metoprolol (metoprolol is a substrate-aka a drug metabolized by CYP)
So the anti-depressent would inhibit CYP to metabolize the drug metoprolol (a beta blocker--beta blockers reduce HR). Therefore, the metoprolol is not "sawed up" (metabolized) so your HR would not be lowered as effectively
14
What is the 4th leading cause of death in America?
Adverse drug reactions
15
Adverse drug reaction
An undesired effect that occurs at a normal dose
16
Side effect
An ADR that is very mild, expected, predictable, and tolerable
17
Do we ever give some medications for the side effects they produce?
Yes
18
Toxicity
Severe ADR that occur with an overdose (technical term)
Severe ADR regardless of the dose (what most people mean)
19
Allergic reaction
-Some fairly minor others can be deadly
-The result of an immune response
20
Allergy
Previous exposure
21
Many drugs have the potential to be toxic to the ____ and ___.
Liver and heart
22
What are the two main reasons a drug causes damage to the liver
Excessive dosing
Normal dosing (idiosyncratic)
23
Idiosyncratic
A normal dose be fine to one patient but causes damage in another
24
What are the 8 signs of liver damage?
J.A.U.N.D.I.C.E
J-jaundice
A-anorexia
U-Upper abdominal pain
N-Nausea, vomiting
D-Dark urine
I-Increased need for sleep
C-Clay colored stool
E-Encephalopathy (brain disease) & ecchymosis (bruising)
25
If a patients QT interval is abnormally long/prolonged, they may be at risk for developing dangerous heart rhythms, specifically _______.
Torsades de pointes--> leads to ventricular fibrillation
26
If a drug lists prolonged QT interval as a risk, who are some people that are at an even higher risk for this developing?
-Patients who are on multiple QT drugs
-Women
-Elderly patients who have bradycardia
-Patients with decreased K and decreased Mg
-Patients with heart failure
27
Why are women who take a drug that has a risk of prolonged QT more at risk than men?
Women tend to have slower QT intervals..so taking a drug with a prolonged QT makes their intervals even slower
28
What are the three main problems that can occur with genetic variations?
Metabolism (most common)
Receptors
Immune responses
29
Pharmacogenomics
The future of medicine using genetic testing for drugs
30
