Chemistry day 8 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chemistry day 8 Deck (43)
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0
Q

gain of electrons

A

reduction

1
Q

Loss of electrons

A

oxidation

2
Q

elements in their elemental form

A

zero oxidations state

3
Q

group one metals

A

+1

4
Q

group 2 metals

A

+2

5
Q

Hydrogen

A

+1 except when bonded to metals then -1..

6
Q

Transition metals…

A

must be deteremined by anions charge… (Al=+3, Zn=+2, Cd=+2, Ag=+1)

7
Q

most electrognegative elements get

A

their typical oxidation state

8
Q

The last element not assigned balances….

A

balances the compound/ion

9
Q

Oxidizing agent(oxidant)

A

species that is reduced

10
Q

reducing agent(reductant)

A

speies that is oxidiezed

11
Q

Elements or compounds are oxidized/reduced

A

entire chemical species act as the reducing/oxidizing agents

12
Q

Anode

A

ALWAYs the size of oxidation…. an ox… electrochemical cell

13
Q

Cathode… electrochemical cells

A

always teh site of recution RED CAT

14
Q

Electrochemical Cells

A

Electrons always flow from anode to cathode

15
Q

Anions flow to the…

A

anode and cations to the cathode through the salt bridge…

16
Q

Galvanic/voltaid

A

(spontaneous) cells, the cathode is + and the anode is -

17
Q

Electrolyic cell

A

non-spontaneous… the anode is + and the cathode is -

18
Q

metal/metal salt solution cells

A

the cathode gains mass, while the anode loses mass

19
Q

Voltaic cells

A

Battires E>0… Produce electricity …… Anode(-) to Cathode(+) species oxidized…

20
Q

Standard Hydrogen Electrode SHE

A

potnetial of 0.00 V

21
Q

Solid

A

can not effect shift in equillibrium

22
Q

shift to the right…

A

higher potential

23
Q

shift to the left

A

lower potential

24
Q

Spontaneous Rxns

A

G0 Q<K

25
Q

strongest oxidizing agent

A

most spontaneous

26
Q

oxidized, reduced

A

product

27
Q

Stable nuclei

A

even numbers of protons and or neutrons to be more stable

28
Q

N/Z ration

A

Magic numbers are more stable (2,8,20,50,82,126)

29
Q

Parent—>

A

daughter + energy

30
Q

moss is always lost

A

E= mc^2

31
Q

Alpha decay

A

reduces mass #… large nuclei below the belt

32
Q

Beta deca (beta emission)

A

n—-> p N/Z is too hight… same net result 0/-1

33
Q

B + decay (Positron emission)

A

0/4 p—>n…. N/Z too low

34
Q

gamma decay…

A

excited state to lower state

35
Q

the splitting of larger nuclei into smaller nuclei

A

fission

36
Q

the combination of smaller nuclei into larger nuclei

A

fusion

37
Q

Rate of Decay

A

Always first order (InN=lnNo-kt) natural log

38
Q

half life…

A

t1/2= .693/k

39
Q

amount of energy holding somethign together

A

mass defect

40
Q

E=

A

mc^2

41
Q

1g=

A

6.022X10^23 amu

42
Q

Calculating nuclear biding energy

A

1 calculate mass defect (actual mass- predicted mass)

  1. convert to kg
  2. plug inot E=chang mc^2
  3. divide by # of nucleons (total of p+n; same as mass #)