imuno Flashcards
1
Q
neutrophil stimulation
A
granulocyte colony stimulating factor GSF
2
Q
what play a major role in innate and adaptive immune response?
A
Mo, Mast cells, dendritic cells,
3
Q
monocytes come from
A
csf
4
Q
monocytes development in fetus
A
yolk sac, blood, tissue specific
5
Q
IFN-gamma causes
A
TNF alpha, IL1, IL6 to liver which cause acute phase proting and cell lysis
6
Q
TNF alpha and IL1 cause tissue
A
inflammation
7
Q
What causes tissue repair with phagocytes?
A
Elastase collagenase
-fibrogenic stim factor
angiogenic factors
8
Q
What are monocytes effector functions?
A
- toxic factors
- TNF proteases
- NO
- perioxide
- O2
- Lysozyme
- Hydorlase
9
Q
Macrophages present to T helper cells which activest T cells and?
A
further activates procution of cytokines to activates macrophages more
-this is important for the eradication of microbes that are ingested by phagocytes but resist killing
10
Q
immunomodulation
A
bacteria gives of IL10 and IL12
IL 10 activates Th2
IL 12 activates TH1 which also activates Th2
11
Q
In the fetus dendritc cells come from?
A
liver, yolk sac and become Langerhans cells
12
Q
Naïve lymphocytes enter the LN through?
A
an artery, and move across HEV
13
Q
How do DC enter lymphocyte?
A
afferent lyphatic vessels
14
Q
in spleen B cells are in?
A
lymphoid follicle with a germinal center
15
Q
IN spleen, T cells are in
A
periarteriolar lymphoid sheath
16
Q
specific example of innate lymphoid
A
natural killer cells
17
Q
What do NK’s secrete?
A
INF-gamma
18
Q
Follicular DCs provide?
A
antigenic stimulus that dirves Ab affinity maturation
19
Q
What does plamacytoid DCs activate?
A
INF alpha and beta
20
Q
Most important for activation of naïve T cells?
A
DCs
21
Q
Matruation of DCs dependent on?
A
FLT3, which binds to Flt3 tyrosine kinase receptor on the precursor cells
22
Q
What cells are APCs?
A
B cells, Mo, DCs
23
Q
How do lyphocyes reenter circulation?
A
efferent lymph vessels that merge into the thoracic duct
24
Q
First antibody B produces?
A
IgM
25
After IgM?
IgD
26
What do B cells mature into?
memory cells and plasma cells
27
B cells start to develop?
14th week of gestation
28
Where does differentiation of B cells occur in the fetus/
fetal liver
29
B cell development/
stromal cells, IL1, IL6, IL7
30
What is rearranged for multiple codes of lymphocytes?
germline
31
T helper cells express
Cd4, help for B cell growth and differentiation
32
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes express
CD8, recognize and kill virus- infected cells
33
T cell ILs?
IL1, IL2, IL6, IL7
34
What maintains B cells/
BAFF
35
What maintains T cells?
IL7, low level cycling
36
recruitment of leukocytes and plama protines is part of?
inflammation process
37
What does the inflammation process do?
delivers cells and molecules of host defense to the site where agents need to be combated
38
What activate endothelia cells/
cytokines from Mo and mast cells
39
What does endothelial activation create?
increased adhesion
40
Adhesion molecueles on HEV
addressins
41
P selectin distribution
endothelium activated by histamine or thrombin
42
E selectin distribution
endothelium activated by cytokines (TNF and IL1) with in 1 to 2 hours
43
L selectin distirbution
neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells
44
P selectin ligand
Sialyl Lewis X on PSGL-1
| -glycoproteins, neutrophils,monocytes, T cells
45
E selectin ligand
sialyl Lewis X
| -glycoproteins, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells
46
L selectin ligand
```
sialyl X (PNAd) on GlyCAM1
-CD34, MadCAM1 and HEV
```
47
What activates L selectins at inflammation?
IL1 and TNF
48
L selectins are very improtnat for ?
homing into LNs by interacting with HEV
49
L selectin ligands expressed on HEV is called?
peripheral node addressins (PNAd)
50
LFA 1 distribution What express it?
neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells, intracellular adhesion molecules
51
LFA-1 ligand
ICAM-1, ICAM-2, endothelium
52
Mac-1 distribution
neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells
53
Mac-1 ligand
ICAM 1, ICAM2, endothelium
54
VLA-4 distribution
monocytes, T cells, vascular cell adhesion molecules
55
VLA4 ligand
VCAM1 endothelium
56
alpha4beta7 distirbiution
monocytes, T cells, naïve, effector, memory B cells
57
alpha4beta7
VCAM1, MadCAM1, endothelium in gut and gut associtated lyph nodes
58
Integrins structure
hererodimeric cell surface proteins, two noncovalently linked polypeptide chains
59
What is the function of integrins?
mediate adhesion of cells to other cells
60
What does integrin signals do?
molitily, shape change, and phagocytic respsones
61
Chemokines structure?
cystein residues, two internal disulfind bonds
62
CCL1, I-309
CCR8, monocytes recruitment and endothelial cell migration
63
CCL2, MCP-1
CCR2, mixed leukocyte recruitment
64
CCL3,MIP-1alpha
CCR1, CCR5 mixed leukocyte recruitment
65
CCL4, MIP-1beta
CCR1, CCR5, T cell, dendritic cell, monocytes and NK recruitment, HIB co receptor
66
CCL5, RANTES
CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, mixed leukocyte recruitment
67
CCL11, Eotaxin
CCR3, eosinophil, basophil, and Th2 recruitment
68
CCL17, TARC
CCR4, T cell recruitment
69
CCL19, MIP-3beta
CCR7, T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lyph nodes
70
CCL20, MIP-3alpha
CCR6, Th17 recruitment, DC positioning in tissue
71
CCL21, SLC
CCR7, T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lyph nodes
72
CCL22, MDC
CCR4, NK cell, T cell recruitment
73
CXCL1, GROalpha
CXCR2, neutrophil recruitment
74
CXCL5, ENA-78
CXCR2, neutrophil recrutment
75
CXCL8, IL8
1 and 2, neutrophil recruitmen
76
CXCL10, IP-10
3 and 3b, effector T cell recruitment
77
CXCL11, I-TAC
3 and 7, effector T cell recruitment
78
cxcl12, SDF-1aplha, beta
4, Mixed leukocyte recruitment; HIV coreceptors
79
CXCL13, BCA1
5, B cell migration into follicles; T follicular helper cell migration into follicles
80
CXCL14, BRAK
monocyte and dendritic cell migration
81
XCL1, Lymphotactin
XCR1, T cell and NK cell recruitment
82
CX3CL1 fractalikine
CX3CR1, T cell, NK cell, and monocyte recruitment; CTL and NK cell activation
83
Do neutrophils and monocytes have to be activated to be recruited into tissue?
NO
84
How doe neutrophils and monocytes get into tissue/
post capillary venules except parenchymal tissues(liver, lungs, Kidneys) where they enter through capillaries
85
What do Mo produce?
TNF and IL1
86
What selectin intitates rolling?
P selectin
87
What further stabiles roling/
L selectins
88
What chemokine doe endothelial cells express?
IL8, CXCL8 that recognize neutrohips
89
What controls transmigration of monocytes?
CCL2(MCP1)
90
Naïve T cells enter LN?
through an artery, across HEV
91
DCs bearing Ag enter LN?
through afferent lymphatic vessels
92
Effector and memory T cells eneter peripheral tissues through?
venules at sites of inflammation
93
Why do naïve T cells home to LNs?
L selectins binding to PNAd on HEV
94
What chemokines are displayed on the surface of HEV?
CCL19 and CCL21
95
WHat chemokines being to ... activates integrins?
CCR7
96
Naïve T cells have low levels of?
S1PR1, bc the receptor is internalized after binding S1P in the blood
97
Naïve T cells recently entering LN cannot sense S1P concentration btw?
T cell zone of the node and lyph
98
Why can naïve T cells not leave node for several hours?
wait until S1PR1 is re expressed to re enter
99
What level of S1PR1 do ag activated T cells have?
low, it is re expressed after several days
100
What mediate cell migration into the tissue/
E selectin, P selectin, integrins, and chemokines (CXCL10)
101
LFA-1 and ICAM1 function?
stable arrest on HEV in lymph node
102
What is needed for mobilization of effecto T cells?
CD44
103
Endothelial cells secrete
E and P selectins and Hyaluronic acid
104
what does hyaluronic acid bind?
CD44 for T cells
105
What does chemokind signaling via GPCRs result in?
increased integrin affinity such as VLA-4
106
CD55 and HA may also trigger/
GPCR dependent inside out signaling upregulation of VLA-4VCAM binding
107
how do immature B cells migrate through the blood?
enter the red pulp of the spleen, migrate to periphery of the white pulp
108
WHat do B cells express as they mature?
CXCR5, which promotes their movement into the white pulp
109
What promotes B cell movement into white pulp?
CXCL13
110
Homing process for B cells into LN involves?
CXCL12, CCL19/CCL21 with chemokine receptors CXCR$ and CCR7 on naïve B cells
111
B cells migrate into follicles driven by ?
CXCL13 recognized by CXCR5 expressed on navie B cells
112
ICAM
intracellular adhesion molecules
113
Glycam
glycan bearing cell adhesion molecule
114
LFA
leukocyte function associtated antigetn
115
VCAm
vascular cell adhesion molecues
116
madcam
mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecules
117
integrins response to intracellular signals by?
rapidly increasing their affinity
118
activation of integrin causes?
conformational changes
119
what controls transmigration of monocytes
CCL2, MCP1
