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Flashcards in Pulmonary Ventilation Deck (25)
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0
Q

What does bronchioles lack that bronchi do not?

A

Cartilaginous plates.

1
Q

What is located at the bifurcation of the trachea into the two primary bronchi that produces a strong reflux?

A

The carina

2
Q

What is the sume of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume?

A

Vital Lung capacity

3
Q

What is the volume of air that is inspired or expired iwth each breath at rest?

A

Tidal Volume (500 mL)

4
Q

The volume of air that can be inspired in addition to tidal volume with forceful inspiration.

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (3000 mL)

5
Q

The volume of air remaining in lungs after forceful expiration.

A

Residual Volume (1200mL)

6
Q

The additional volume of air that can be expired at end of tidal volume by forceful expiration.

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (1100 mL)

7
Q

The volume by which the lungs and thorax increase for each unit pressure change in the transpulmonary pressure.

A

Compliance

8
Q

What is directly proportional to distensibility and volume and indirectly porportional to pressure.

A

Compliance

9
Q

What is the average size alveolus (radius about 100 micrometers)?

A

The surface tension pressure is about 4 cm of water pressure with surfactant and 18 cm of water pressure without surfactant.

10
Q

Minute ventilation

A

is equal to tidal volume X respiration rate

11
Q

During expiration alveolar pressure=

A

0 to +1 cm H20

12
Q

During inspiration alveolar pressure=

A

0 to -1 cm H2O

13
Q

During expiration pleural pressure=

A

-7.5 to -5 cm H2O

14
Q

During inspiration pleural pressure=

A

-5 to -7.5 cm H2O

15
Q

The difference btw the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure

A

Transpulmonary pressure

16
Q

What is the pressure of the air inside the alveoli?

A

Alveolar pressure

17
Q

Pleural pressure is

A

the pressure of the fluid btw parietal pleura and the visceral pleura.

18
Q

Alveolar ventilation=

A

(tidal volume - dead space)X breathing rate = .35 X breathing rate

19
Q

What is the dead space in a normal individual?

A

.15 liters

20
Q

What does physiological dead space include?

A

the anatomic dead space + ventilated alveoli with poor or absent perfusion

21
Q

What is the space in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles….

A

Anatomic dead space.

22
Q

Alveolar ventilation (Va)

A

Total volume of gases that enter spaces participating in gas exchange per minute

23
Q

The sum of all the volumes= vital capacity plus residual volume

A

Total lung capacity(5800mL)

24
Q

The sum of all the volumes that can be inspired or exhaled?

A

Vital capacity (4600 mL)