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Undeleted > Immuno Lecture 1....5 > Flashcards

Immuno Lecture 1....5 Flashcards

0
Q

antibodies functions

A

immunomodulation reduced damage to host from inflammatory response organized T cell response opsonization activation of complement toxin neutralization direct antibacterail acitvity

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1
Q

Where are most abs found?

A

the thrid fastest migrating group of globulins, named gamma globulins for the thrid letter of the Greek alphabet (count alpha 1 and alpha 2 as one)

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2
Q

Abs have a basic unit of?

A

four polypetide chains

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3
Q

What are the chains of abs?

A

two light chains and heavy chains, bound together by covalent disulfide bridges as ewll as by noncovalent interactions

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4
Q

What can abs be proteolytically cleaved to yield?

A

Fab fragments(fragment Ag binding Fab) and an Fc fragment (fragment crystallized, Fc) responsible for effector functions

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5
Q

What are both H and L chains dividied into?

A

V and C regions

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6
Q

the V region

A

containg the Ag binding site

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7
Q

C region

A

determining the fate of the Ag

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8
Q

What are the five different kinds of H chains?

A

epsilon, alpha, gamma, u, ga…

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9
Q

What do the H chains determine?

A

the class of antibody…. M, D, E, A

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10
Q

What are the two different kinds of L chains?

A

k and lambda, each with a MW of 23kDa

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11
Q

Each Ab unit can have only k and lambda

A

L chain, but not both

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12
Q

What do both H and L chains have?

A

intrachain disulfide bridges every 90 amino acid residues, which creates polypetpteide loops, domains, of 110 amino acids

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13
Q

What are the domains refered to?

A

Vh, Vl, Ch1, Ch2, etc

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14
Q

Know what parts are responseibl efor

A

on basic structure of Abs

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15
Q

Abs have lots of flexibility, bc?

A

hinges

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16
Q

What is the Ag binding sites formed by? Secreted IgG

A

the juxtaposition of Vl and Vh domains

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17
Q

Where does the heavy chain C regions end? Secreted IgG

A

tail pieces

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18
Q

Whaat is the location of complement and Fc receptor biding sites/ Secreted IgG

A

within the heaby chain constant regions are approximations

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19
Q

membrane-bound IgM on B cell… has …… thant IgG

A

one more Ch domain

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20
Q

membrane bound IgM on B cells

A

has C terminal trnasmembran and cytoplamsic protions that anchor the molecule in the plasma membrane

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21
Q

Igm is for?

A

activation of phagocytosis

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22
Q

What is IgG cleaved by?

A

The enzymes papain at the hinges

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23
Q

What does papain diegestion in IgG allow?

A

the separation of two Fab fargments and complemetn and Fc receptors biding the Fc fragment

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24
what generates a single bivalent antigen bidning fragment F(ab')2...
pesin..... makes fragments of IgG
25
What are the two roles of hinges?
widely spaced cell surface determeinatn closely spaced cell sufrace determinatns
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What is teh flexibiilty due to..
....
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What are a large group of cell sufrace and solubel proteins involved in?
Recognition, binding, or adhesion process of cells belogs to the imunoglobulin super family
31
What are Ig superfamily proteins? list 6
IgG, TCR, Class I MHC, CD4, CD28, ICAM1
32
Ig ag binding site
three CDrs in Vh and three CDRs in Vl domains
33
T cell receptor Ag binding site
three CDRs in Valpha and three CDRs in Vbeta domains
34
Ig Ag that may be bound
proteins, lipids, polyscaccarides and small chemicals
35
T cell receptors Ag that may be bound
peptide MHC complexes
36
Ig antigenic determinatns recognized
linear and conformational determinats of various macromolecules and chemicals
37
T cell receptor antigenic determinants recognized
linear determinants; only 2 or 3 aa residues of a petide boudn to an MHC molecule
38
Ig affinity of Ag binindg
Kd 10^-7-10^-11 M
39
Ig on-rate/ off rate
rapid on rate, variable off rate
40
T cell recetor affinity of Ag binding
Kd 10^-5-10^-7M
41
Ig Onrate/off rate
slow on rate slow off rate
42
CDR
complementarity determining region
43
Kd
disociation constant
44
Vh
variable domain of heavy chaing Ig
45
Vl
vairable domain of light chain ig
46
from the H and L chain are loops that protrude from the surface of the two Ig V domains and in combination creat an Ag binding region
complementarity- determining regions (CDRs)
47
What is each domain of the Ag binding site composed of?
two anitparallel beta strands, colored yellow and red, to form two beta pleated sheets held together by a disulfide bond
48
Confamitonal determinatn---\> denaturation
determinant lost by denaturation
49
linear determinant nenaturation of
....
50
neoantigenic determinant (created by proteolysis)
determinatnnear site of proteolysis
51
the tighness of Ag-Ab binding
affinity
52
Abs ??? in their affinity to the same Ag determinant
vary
53
The higher the..... the less liekly the Ab is to ...... from the Ag
binding contstnt, dissociate
54
Abs formed in the primary response?
soon after the injection of an Ag are gnereally of lower affinity
55
Abs produced by memory response?
have higher affinity thatn those in a primary repsosne ( association constats 1000 times higher)
56
What is critical in Ab when the Ag is a toxin or virus and must be neutralized rapidly?
affinity
57
What is the maximum numnber of antigenic determinatns with which an Ab will react?
the valence of an Ab
58
What contains two Fab regions and can bind two moleucles of Ag or two identical sites on the same particles and thus of have valance of???
IgG, two
59
What is the valence improtnat for?
binding affinity, as having two or more binding sites for an Ag can dramatically increase the tighness of binding of the Ab to Ags
60
What is avidity?
comvined effect that results from synergy of the binding strngths of each binding site
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Stem cell
no Ig expression
67
Pre B cell
Cytoplasmic u heavy chaing and pre B receptor
68
immature B cell
membrane IgM
69
mature B cell
membran IgM, IgD
70
Activated B cell
low rate Ig secretion; heavy chain isotype swithcing; affinity maturation
71
antibody secreteing cell
high rate Ig secretion; reduced membrane Ig
72
most common Ab in mucosal secretions
IgA
73
mainly found in the plama
Igm
74
absorbed on the surface of mast cells
IgE
75
penetrates deeper into the tissue
IgG
76
Different microbes have different/
biological properties
77
Microbes can enter the body through ?
different routes skin, gi, respiratory tract, genitourinary
78
The five different Ab classes such as IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, and IgA, and their subclasses have evolved
to facilitate protection agianist microbes entering at the different sites
79
What classes have a J chain?
A and M
80
all Ig have
heavy chain and light chain
81
what have seretory ocmpononet?
IgA
82
What is the most abudnant immunoglobulin in the blood?
IgG
83
What is the IgG class MW?
150 kDa
84
Where are IgG found
both in vacular and extravascular spaces as well as in secretion
85
What provides the bulk of immunity to most blood borne pathogens?
IgG
86
What is the only Ig to cross the placenta?
IgG, it provides
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What is present in the placenta?
The epithelial cell surface receptor for Fc regions (FCRn) of maternal IgG
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What does FCRn do? .
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What is teh major Ig present in extermal secreitons such as colostrum, milk, and saliva?
IgA where it exists as a 420 kDa dimer
102
What does the IgA contian?
lambda chian, H alpha chain, two more polypeptide chians secretory component J chaing... joining chain
103
What is part of the poly Ig receptor involbed in transepithelial transport of eoxcirn
...
104
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105
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108
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