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part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation

A

C3a

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2
Q

opsonization and phagocytosis

A

C3b

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3
Q

inflammation

A

C5a

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4
Q

MAC

A

lysis of microbe

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5
Q

second step in activation pathway?

A

production of c3b and formation of C3 convertase

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6
Q

What coes C3b initiates activation of?

A

C5 and formation of C 5 convertase

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7
Q

Last step

A

MAC, creates hole in plasma membrane

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8
Q

complement pathway

A

proteolytic cascades in which an inactive precursosr enzyme becomes active and cleaves next complement protein cascasde

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9
Q

complement system works in cooperation with/

A

blood coagulation pathways

kinin kallikrein system that regulates vascular permability

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10
Q

TLRs 1-9 bind?

A

microbial ags (LPS, peptidoglcans, viral mucleic acids)

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11
Q

expressed on cell surface of

A

TLR 1,2,4,5,6 DCs phagocytes B cells endothelial cells

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12
Q

expressed on endsosomal membrane

A

TLR3,7,8,9

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13
Q

NLRs location

A

cytosol of phagocytes, epithelial cells, and other cells,

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14
Q

PAMP/DAMP ligands of NLRs

A

bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, intracellular crystals;

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15
Q

RLRs ligand

A

viral RNA

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16
Q

RLRs location

A

cytosol of phagocytes and other cells

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17
Q

CDS ligands

A

bacterial and viral DNA

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18
Q

WHat does tobacco smoke and pollutants activate?

A

TLR2 and TLR4

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19
Q

what are pamps?

A

molecular patterns on bacteria and viruses

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20
Q

TLR3

A

virus dsRNA

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21
Q

TLR7

A

birus ssRNA

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22
Q

TLR9

A

cystosine-phosphoyl guanine virus

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23
Q

TLR4

A

bacteria lipopolysaccharide

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24
Q

TLR2

A

bacteria peptiodglycans

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25
TLR2, TLR6
lipoteiochoic acid bacteria
26
TLR5
flagellin bacteria
27
lipopolysaccaraides (LPS)
gram negative
28
lipoteichoic acid (LTA)
gram positive
29
DAMPs molecule patterns on endogenous intracellular proteints
- damage to cells by ROS - HMGB1(nucleus to lysosome) - S100 protein(cytoplasm) - HSP exosomes - extracellular matrix hyaluronans - uric acid
30
What does capsase 1 activation cause?
release of inerlukin 1beta and 18 and can cause death of host cell
31
What are antimicrobial or anti inflammatory products?
defensisns resolvins or protectins eicosanoids that resolve inflamation
32
TLR1 and TLR2
bacterial lipopeptides
33
WHat adaptor do TLRs 1, 2,5, and 6 recognize/
MyD88
34
what does MyD88 activate?
NF-kB and AP-1
35
TLR 7 and 9 use MyD88 to activate?
NFkB and IRF7
36
What adaptor does TLR3 use?
TRIF and it activates IRF3 and IRF7 transcription factors
37
What do microbial lipoportines acvivate?
TLR2
38
What does LPS activate?
TLR4
39
WHat does bacterial DNA sequences contain unmethlated cytosine-guanosine dinucleoties (CpGs)
TLR9
40
What does the activation of NFkB result in?
transcription of pro inflammatory genes
41
WHat controls adaptive T cell immune response?
IL12
42
What does not signal through MyD88
TLR3, signals through TLR3
43
What engage TRIF and TRAM?
TLR4
44
What engage TIRAP and MyD88?
TLR4 and TLR2
45
WHat is produced in the inflammason
IL 1 beta and IL 18
46
WHat is a sub family of 14 NOD?
NLRP.... P is pyrin domain containing protein
47
What does NLRP responds to?
PAMPS and DAMPS by binding and forming singlaing complexes called inflammasomes
48
What does inflmmasome complexes activate?
caspase 1
49
What is the main function of caspase 1?
to cleave the inactive cytoplasmic precursor forms of two homologous cytokines 1 beta and 18
50
proinflammatroy cytokines
1 beta dn 18
51
what mediates the uptake of oxidized lipoproteins?
SRs
52
what SRs are expressed on Mo?
SR-A and CD36, recogniztion and phagocytosis of microorganims
53
What do SRs bind bacteria based on?
negative charges of bacterial LPS, lipoteichoic acid, nucleic acid....
54
WHat bind carbohydrates
C type lectin family
55
What do conserved carb recognition domain recognize?
microbial mannose, N acetylglucosamine, and betal glucans
56
eukaryotic carb cells are terminated by
galactos and sialic acid
57
lectin that are soluble protines are found in?
blood and extracellular fluids
58
Where are integral membrane proteins?
found on surface of macrophages and dendritic cells
59
What do mannose receptors recognize?
termal D mannose, Lfucose, and n acetyl D glucosamine sugsars on microbial surface
60
mannose receptor is involved in?
phagocytosis of microbes
61
what are small cationic peptiedes that contain both cationic anc hydrophobic regions?
defensins
62
what produce defensins?
epithleial cells of mucosal surface and nby granule containing leukocytes including, neutorphils, NK, and CTLs
63
WHat stimulates the synthesis of defensins?
cytokines and microbial products
64
How do defensins kill?
inserting into and diruspting functions of the membrane
65
What produce cathelicidins?
neutorphils and barrier epithelial cells in the skin, gastorpintestinal tract and respiratory tract
66
What is cathelicinds cleaved into?
two protective peptides
67
What cleaves cathelicidins?
cytokines and microbial prodcuts
68
What is the C terminal fragment of cathelicidins called?
LL37, can bind and neutorpliez LPS
69
what play an anti inflammatory role aby binding to DNA and blocking AIM2 inflammasome acitvation
IL37
70
What transcription factor do innate lymphoid cells develop from?
Id2
71
Id2----> IL15 and IL7=
T bet
72
Id2--> IL7=
GATA3
73
Id2--> IL7=
RORgamma t
74
T bet, ILC1--> IL12, IL18=
IFN-gamma
75
defense against viruses
IFN gamma
76
gata3, ILC2--> IL25, IL33, TSLP
IL5, IL13
77
allergic response
IL5 and IL13
78
RORgammt, ILC3----> IL1 and IL23=
IL 17, IL22
79
intestinal barrier function; lymphoid organogenesis
il 17 and IL22
80
What response to IL12?
NK cells
81
WHat produces IL12
macrophages
82
CD16
IgG coated cell
83
NCRs(NKp46, NKp30, NKp44)
biral hemaglutinins, HLA-B transcript 3, B7-H6, heparin sulfate prtoegolycan (HSPG)
84
CD94
HLA-E
85
ILT2
HLAa, B, C, E,F G, CMB UL18
86
KIRs
HLA-C Bw4, A

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