Renal Acid and Base Regulation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Renal Acid and Base Regulation Deck (18)
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0
Q

What is the most important in the formation of carbonic acid from carbon dioxide in water?

A

Carbonic anhydrase.

1
Q

What does the bicarbonate buffer system consists of ?

A

A weak acid (H2CO3) and a bicarbonate salt (NaHCO3); it is the most important extracellular buffer.

2
Q

In a buffer system, addition of strong acids leads…

A

to formation of a weak acid and addition of a strong base leads to formation of a weak base.

3
Q

Increased levels of HCO3 can be excreted via the kidneys resulting in…

A

A decrease in blood carbon dioxide levels resulting in a decrease in respiration rate.

4
Q

What does the phosphate buffer system play a major role in buffering?

A

The renal tubular fluid and intracellular fluids.

5
Q

What is the primary method for removing nonvolatile acids?

A

Through renal excretion.

6
Q

Hydrogen ion secretion via secondary active transport ( coupled with sodium ion transport)…

A

occurs in almost all parts of the tubules except the descending and the ascending thin limbs of the loop of Henle.

7
Q

Where does primary active hydrogen secretion begin?

A

In the late distal tubules in intercalated cells and involves a hydrogen-transporting ATPase.

8
Q

Where does 80 to 90 percent of bicarbonate reabsorption occur?

A

In the proximal tubule.

9
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

a negative change in pH due to an decrease in bicarbonate ions

10
Q

metabolic Alkalosis

A

A change in plasma pH due to an increase in bicarbonate ions

11
Q

When is new bicarbonate ion added to the extracellular fluid?

A

metabolic acidosis

12
Q

Bicarbonate ions are removed from extracellular fluid by renal excretion.

A

metabolic alkalosis

13
Q

What is the lower limit pH that can be achieved my a normal kidney?

A

4.5

14
Q

A change in plasma pH due to an increase in carbon dioxide is

A

respiratory acidosis

15
Q

A change is plasma pH due to a decrease in carbon dioxide is

A

respiratory alkadosis

16
Q

How do kidneys respond to respiratory acidosis?

A

By adding new bicarbonate ions to the extracellular fluid.

17
Q

What is a compensatory response ot metabolic alkalosis?

A

Decreased vetilation