specimen preparation.. - PLASMA CAN BE ADSORBED BY __________/_____ - AFTER ADSORPTION, ADSORBED PLASMA CONTAINS FACTORS __________ - AGED SERUM CONTAINS FACTORS ______ (NONANTICOAGLATED WHOLE BLOOD IS ALLOWED TO CLOT;INCUBATED AT ___ DEG. CENT. FOR __ HRS; ______ is added to whole blood

- BARIUM SULFATE/ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE - I,V,VIII,XI AND XII - VII,IX,XI AND XII ; 37 ; 3 ; Na citrate

COAGULATION TESTS Flashcards by Sharmaine Madjid

the anticoagulant used is..

3.2% sodium citrate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anticoagulants..

Closer osmolality to plasma and produces more ____________ results when patients are treated with ________

accurate activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ; heparin therapy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anticoagulants that should not be used

Heparin, edta or oxalate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tubes are stored best in open containers in an ______

upright position

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

_____, changes begin to occur and labile factors such as ____ begin to deteriorate quickly.

In vitro ; VIII

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

Pt should be completed within ______

24 hours

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

Aptt should be completed within ____

4 hours

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

Samples should only be held for a maximum of __ hours at ______ centigrade, if testing cannot be performed immediately

2 ; 4 degrees

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

If testing is not conducted, plasma should be separated from the cells by ______ to produce a _________ (platelet count <10x109/L)
Done by centrifuging the whole blood specimen for _____ min at _____

centrifugation ; platelet-poor plasma

20 min at 2,500rpm

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

-20 degree centigrade for up to _____
-70 degree centigrade for up to _____

2 months ; 6 months

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

_______- should not be used, it can prolong clotting time of lupus anticoagulant screening assay.

frost-free freezers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

Frozen specimen should be thawed rapidly at _____ while gently inverted to prevent denaturation of ______

37 deg. Temp ; fibrinogen.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling..

If thawed sample not tested immediately, sample held for _____ at _____

2 hours at 4 degree cent.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen handling…

For lupus anticoagulant, centrifuge at _____ for _____ at ______ and ______ removed and centrifuge again

1,500g ; 15 minutes ; room temp ; plasma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen preparation..

_____ PLASMA/_____ SERUM CAN BE USED

Adsorbed ; AGED

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

specimen preparation..

PLASMA CAN BE ADSORBED BY __________/_____
AFTER ADSORPTION, ADSORBED PLASMA CONTAINS FACTORS __________
AGED SERUM CONTAINS FACTORS ______ (NONANTICOAGLATED WHOLE BLOOD IS ALLOWED TO CLOT;INCUBATED AT ___ DEG. CENT. FOR __ HRS; ______ is added to whole blood

BARIUM SULFATE/ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE
I,V,VIII,XI AND XII
VII,IX,XI AND XII ; 37 ; 3 ; Na citrate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

GENERAL SOURCES OF ERROR

= Detergent residues and scratched glassware can produce erroneous results
= Variation in ph, reagent concentration, temperature

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Measures the time required to generate thrombin and fibrin polymers via the intrinsic pathway

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In apt, _____ and ______ that substitute for platelet phospholipids are added to blood plasma.

calcium ions ; phospholipids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In APT, the generation of _____ is the end point.

fibrin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Used to identify and quantitate deficiencies in the intrinsic clotting system and to control anticoagulant therapy

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME NV:

20-35 sec/28-42 sec; 42-46 sec being marginal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ANTITHROMBIN III: CLOTTING ASSAY METHOD

In the presence of _______, thrombin is neutralized at a rate that is proportional to the _________ concentration

heparin ; antithrombin (AT III)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ANTITHROMBIN III: CLOTTING ASSAY METHOD

Following defibrination, plasma is assayed in a two-stage procedure that utilizes standardized amounts of ______, _____ and ______

heparin, fibrinogen and thrombin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ANTITHROMBIN III: CLOTTING ASSAY METHOD Resulting time is interpreted using a _______

calibration curve

AT III assay-useful prior to and subsequent to treatment with heparin in cases of ____________

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

An in vivo measurement of platelet adhesion and aggregation on locally injured vascular subendothelium

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD BLEEDING TIME

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD BLEEDING TIME... Estimates integrity of _________

platelet plug

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD BLEEDING TIME.. Measures interaction between _______ and ________.

capillaries and platelets

STANDARDIZED IVY METHOD BLEEDING TIME... Measures ______ two standardized punctures of the _______ take to stop bleeding

length of time ; ventral forearm

The euglobulin fraction of plasma contains ____,_____ and ____ with the potential for transforming plasminogen to ____

plasminogen, fibrinogen and activators ; plasmin

EUGLOBULIN LYSIS TIME.. Fraction is precipitated with _______ and resuspended in a ________

1% acetic acid ; borate solution

EUGLOBULIN LYSIS TIME.. Screening procedure for _______ activity

fibrinolytic

THROMBO-WELLCOTEST FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS... Whole blood is added to ______ and ______ enzyme inhibitors

thrombin ; soya bean

THROMBO-WELLCOTEST FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS... Patients serum is diluted and mixed with ______ coated with ______ products

latex particles ; anti-fibrin split

THROMBO-WELLCOTEST FIBRIN SPLIT PRODUCTS... agglutination __

FIBRINOGEN ASSAY: METHOD CLOTTING ASSAY Fibrinogen-thrombin _____ ------------- _____

factor II -------- fibrin

PROTAMINE SULFATE ASSAY.. Protamine is used to neutralize the effects of _____

heparin

PROTAMINE SULFATE ASSAY.. Excess amount –capable of interfering with ______ activity and _______ generation

factor ix ; thromboplastin

PROTAMINE SULFATE ASSAY.. + inappropriate presence of ________________

intravascular fibrin monomers

PROTHROMBIN TIME.. The calcium in whole blood is bound by __________, preventing coagulation

Na citrate

PROTHROMBIN TIME... _______ reacts with the tissue factor-thromboplastin in the presence of calcium ions to activate ______

Factor vii ; factor x

A measure of the intrinsic coagulation mechanism

PLASMA RECALCIFICATION TIME

PLASMA RECALCIFICATION TIME.. A decrease in any of the clotting factors present in the intrinsic system will cause a ______________

prolonged clotting time

PLASMA RECALCIFICATION TIME NV

90-250 sec

STYPVEN TIME, RUSSELL’S VIPER VENOM TIME Detects deficiency in ___________, __________ and factors ___ and ___

prothrombin time, fibrinogen, v and x

STYPVEN TIME, RUSSELL’S VIPER VENOM TIME N.V

6-10 sec

STYPVEN TIME. RUSSELL’S VIPER VENOM TIME Principle: - Thromboplastin-like substance that activates factor _ - When added to ______, platelets and ca calcium chloride coag process begun at the point of factor x activation with conversion of prothrombin to ______ and fibrinogen to _____.

- x - plasma ; thrombin ; fibrin

REPTILASE TIME.. Reptilase enzyme found in venom of _________-

bothrops atrox snake

Reptilase enzyme found in venom of bothrops atrox snake - Converts fibrinogen to fibrin, unaffected by ____ - Test functional fibrinogen when the _____ is prolonged because of heparin

heparin ; thrombin

REPTILASE TIME NV

10-15 sec

REPTILASE TIME PRINCIPLE - ______ (reptilase) is added to plasma - It acts by releasing _______ a from fibrinogen molecule. - Resultant monomers polymerize end-to-end, forming a ____

atroxin ; fibrinopeptide ; clot

Deficiency detected with a modification of the activated partial thromboplastn time

PREKALLIKREIN (FLETCHER FACTOR SCREENING TEST)..

PREKALLIKREIN (FLETCHER FACTOR SCREENING TEST) principle: - ______ with ______ deficiency will have prolonged apt - If the plasma + apt reagent mixture is __________, the prolonged apt will be shortened to normal, or almost normal (due to _________) - Normal clotting occurs with concentrations of _______ and above

- aeg with Fletcher factor - incubate for 10 min ; fletcher factor - 1.5 to 2%

FACTOR XIII SCREENING TEST.. ____ converts fibrin clot to a more ____ form

Fsf ; stable

FACTOR XIII SCREENING TEST PRINCIPLE: - aeg’s plasma is clotted by _______ - ______ is added to clot - If negative- the clot is dissolved in less than ____ by urea

- calcium chloride - Urea (5m) - 24 hours

RISTOCETIN COFACTOR ASSAY.. Aeg’s plasma is added to a standardized mixture of _______ and _______ reagents

platelets and ristocetin reagent

RISTOCETIN COFACTOR ASSAY.. Degree of resultant platelet aggregation is measured using ________

aggregometer

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY.. Heparin binds with ___________

antithrombin III

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY.. _____ method will be used to assay

chromogenic assay

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY.. _________ reagent is used

Citrated Plasma

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY.. _______ is incubated with measured amount of ________ and ________, substrate is added to the mixture.

aeg plasma ; antitrhombin II ; factor XA.

HEPARIN (Anti-xa) ASSAY.. ________ is released and measure __________

Paranitroanilide ; spectroprotometrically