subcutaneous mycoses

Question 1

Although some are moniliaceous, many are phaeoid

Answer 1

Hyphomycetes

Question 2

Are fungal diseases that affect subcutaneous tissue

Answer 2

Hyphomycetes

Question 3

The result of the traumatic implantation of foreign objects into the deep layers of the skin

Answer 3

Hyphomycetes

Question 4

The causative agents of subcutaneous mycoses are commonly found in ______ or on _______; therefore, agricultural workers are most often affected.

Answer 4

soil ; decaying vegetation

Question 5

Infections are commonly _____ and usually incite the development of lesions at the site of _____.

Answer 5

chronic ; trauma

Question 6

Caused by several infectious agents: Fonsecaea compacta, F. pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucose, Cladophialophora carrionii, and Rhinocladiella aquaspersa

Answer 6

Chromoblastomycosis

Question 7

Chromoblastomycosis is also known as

Answer 7

verrucous dermatitidis and chromomycosis

Question 8

A chronic mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue that develops over a period of months or years

Answer 8

Chromoblastomycosis (clin. manifestation)

Question 9

Chromoblastomycosis Mostly asymptomatic in the absence of secondary complications (_____, _____, ____)

Answer 9

bacterial infections, carcinomatous degeneration, and elephantiasis

Question 10

• Usually confined to the extremities, often the feet and lower legs, and are a result of trauma to these areas
• Frequently appear as verrucous nodules that may become ulcerated and crusted

Answer 10

Lesions (clin. manifestation of chromoblastomycosis)

Question 11

Longstanding lesions: _______ surface

Answer 11

cauliflower-like

Question 12

• Are nonbudding structures occurring singly or in clusters
• Reproduce by dividing in various planes, resulting in multicellular forms

Answer 12

Brown, round sclerotic bodies

Question 13

Presence of _______ is diagnostic for this disease

Answer 13

sclerotic bodies

Question 14

Occasionally _________ are also seen.

Answer 14

short hyphal elements

Question 15

• Conidiogenous cells, phaeoid, flask-shaped phialides, with collarettes.
• Conidia is oval, one-celled, occur in balls at tips of phialides

Answer 15

Phialophora verrucosa

Question 16

• Primary one-celled conidia formed on sympodial conidiophores
• Primary conidia function as conidiogenous cells to form secondary one-celled conidia
• Some conidia are similar to those seen in Cladosporium sp., some are similar to those in Rhinocladiella sp.

Answer 16

Fonsecaea pedrosoi

Question 17

• Similar to F. pedrosoi but with more compact conidial heads
• Conidia are subglobose rather than ovoid

Answer 17

Fonsecaea compactum

Question 18

• Conidiophores erect, dark, bearing conidia only on upper portion of the tip
• Conidia elliptic, one-celled, produced sympodially

Answer 18

Rhinocladiella aquaspersa

Question 19

• Erect conidiophores bearing branched chains of one-celled, brown blastoconidia
• Conidium close to tip of conidiophore, termed shield cell
• Fragile chains

Answer 19

Cladophialophora carrionii

Question 20

an infection of the subcutaneous tissues that arises at the site of inoculation

Answer 20

Mycetoma

Question 21

mycetoma caused by bacteria

Answer 21

Actinomycotic mycetomas

Question 22

mycetoma caused by fungal agents

Answer 22

Eumycotic mycetomas

Question 23

Eumycotic mycetoma agents

Answer 23

• Pseudallescheria boydii
• Acremonium falciforme/ Fusarium falciforme
• Madurella spp.

Question 24

Eumycotic mycetoma agent that produces annellides

Answer 24

Pseudallescheria boydii

Question 25

Eumycotic mycetoma agent that produces annellides

Answer 25

Pseudallescheria boydii

Question 26

Eumycotic mycetoma agent that This isolate is a hyaline, septate, filamentous mold

Answer 26

Acremonium falciforme/ Fusarium falciforme

Question 27

madurella spp that grows best at 37°C, with slower growth at 40°C

Answer 27

M. mycetomatis

Question 28

madurella spp that only sterile hyphae are observed; optimal growth temperature is 30°C

Answer 28

M. grisea

Question 29

Mycotic disease caused by darkly pigmented fungi

Answer 29

Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis

Question 30

Fungin associated with Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis

Answer 30

Exophiala spp E. dermatitidis

Question 31

conidia are borne from annelids

Answer 31

Exophiala spp

Question 32

forms conidia at the tips of phialides

Answer 32

E. dermatitidis

Question 33

chronic infection characterized by nodular and ulcerative lesions

Answer 33

Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

Question 34

rare condition; commonly recovered from the soil

Answer 34

Mucocutaneous sporotrichosis

Question 35

less commonly seen disease; infection is confined to the site of inoculation

Answer 35

Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis

Question 36

sporothrix mold

Answer 36

- Delicate hyaline, septate hyphae - Arrange laterally along hyphae or in daisy-like cluster

Question 37

sporothrix yeast

Answer 37

- Oval or elliptical in shape - Cigar-shaped forms