HEMA AUTOMATION Flashcards
LEVELS OF COAGULATION AUTOMATION
MANUAL
SEMIAUTOMATED
AUTOMATED
- All reagents & specimens are transferred manually by the operator.
- Temperature is maintained by water bath or heat block; external measurement of the operator is required.
- End point is determined visually by the operator.
(LEVEL) MANUAL
EXAMPLE OF MANUAL COAGULATION AUTOMATION
TILT-TUBES
WIRELOOP
- All reagents and specimens are transferred manually by the operator.
- Instrument usually contains a device for maintaining
constant 37C temperature. - Analyzer may internally monitor the temperature.
- Instrument has mechanism to initiate timing device automatically on addition of final reagent and mechanism for detecting clot formation and stopping the timer.
Semiautomated
Semiautomated Coagulation Automation examples
Fibrometer
Start 4
Cascade M and M-4
BFT-II
KC1 and KCA
- All reagents are automatically pipetted by the
instrument. - Specimens may or may not be automatically pipetted.
- Analyzers contain monitoring devices and internal
mechanism to maintain and monitor constant 37C temperature throughout testing sequence. - Timers are initiated and clot formation is detected
automatically.
Automated Coagulation Automation
Automated Coagulation Automation Examples
ACL TOP
STA-R
Evolution
STA Compact
and Compact CT
Sysmex CA-530, CA-560, CA-620, CA-660, CA-1500, CA-7000
BCS XP
Coal AB
_____________ measure a change in conductivity between two metal electrodes in plasma.
Electromechanical clot detection system
_________ probe has stationary and moving electrode
Fibrometer
__________ monitors the movement of a steel ball
within the test plasma
Magnetic sensor
Principles: electromagnetic field detects oscillation of stiil ball w/in plasma reagent solution
Magnetic sensor
Steel ball is positioned in inclined well, its position is detected by ________. As the well rotates, the ball remains ________. When fibrin forms, the ball is _______. As it moves away from the sensor, there is a __________
magnetic sensor ; inclined position ; swept out of position ; break from the circuit
A steel ball oscillates in an arc from one side of
the cuvette to the other
Viscosimetric (Electromechanical) Clot Detection
In Viscosimetric (Electromechanical) Clot Detection, Movement is monitored continuously with _________
magnetic field
In Viscosimetric (Electromechanical) Clot Detection, As the sample clots, _______ and movement of the steel ball is _____
viscosity rises ; impeded
In Viscosimetric (Electromechanical) Clot Detection, ______ in the amplitude stops the timer and the interval is the ________
variation ; clotting
Photo optical End point Detection (turbidimetric)
______________ detect a change in plasma optical density (OD, light transmittance) during clotting
Photo-optical coagulometers
In Photo optical End point Detection (turbidimetric), ________ is focused by a collimator and filtered to transmit a selected wavelenght.
Polychromatic light
In Photo optical End point Detection (turbidimetric), ______________ is transmitted by filter optics
and focused on the reaction cuvette
Monchromatic light
Photo optical End point Detection (turbidimetric), As fibrin forms, opacity _______ and the intensity of light reaching the sensor _______
increases ; decreases
Modification of photo-optical end point
Nephelometric End-Point Detection
Nephelometric End-Point Detection Measures ___ degree or ______ light scatter
90 ; forward-angle
In Nephelometric End-Point Detection, Light found below passes through the sample in a ______ to the _____ located above. As fibrin, polymerizes, light is _____ and is detected at an angle from the ____
cuvette ; detector ; deflected ; optical path
Employs a synthetic oligopeptide substrate conjugated to a chromophore, para-nitroaniline
Chromogenic End Point Detection
