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INTRO TO IH Flashcards

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1
Q

deals with the study of immunologic principles applied in blood group specific antigens and antibodies and its application in transfusion medicine.

A

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY

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2
Q

immunohematology dels with mechanism of:

A

o Blood typing
o Cross matching
o Anti-human globulin testing
o Detection and identification of antibodies
o Screening of donors for blood donation
o Bleeding techniques
o Preparation of blood components and blood
products (their storage and disposal with emphasis on quality system)

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3
Q

refers to the serologic, biological and molecular study of antigens associated with membrane structures on the cellular constituents of blood, as well as the immunologic properties and reactions of blood components and constituent

A

Immunohematology

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4
Q

played an integral role in the development of transfusion medicine, which includes the transfusion of blood, its components and its derivatives

A

immunohematology

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5
Q

it deals with the study of immunologic principles applied in blood group specific antigens and antibodies and its application in transfusion medicine.

A

Immunohematology

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6
Q

1492, he had an appopletic stroke; became weak and went into a coma. His physician ______ advised a blood transfusion as a therapeutic measure for his illness.

A

Pope Innocent VII/VIII ; Giacomo di San Genesio

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7
Q

1615, he described the technique of blood transfusion but unfortunately, it wasn’t publicized.

A

Andreas Libavius

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8
Q

1628, he described the function of heart and circulation of blood and showed that the heart was a pump and that the pulse wave was caused by the contraction of the heart which expelled blood into the arteries.

A

William Harvey

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9
Q

1665, he performed 1st blood transfusion of animal using dog for experiment and later on, proceed from animal to human in the next 2yrs

A

Richard Lower

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10
Q

1667, in France, he reported successful transfusion from sheep to human

A

JEAN BAPTISTE DENISE

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11
Q

in 1678, this outlawed the reaction of transfusion from animals to human that resulted to death and certain reactions

A

PARIS SOCIETY OF PHYSICIANS

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12
Q

in 1795, he performed the first human blood transfusion but he didn’t publish

A

PHILIP SYNG PYSICK

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13
Q

in 1818, he performed the first successful
transfusion of human blood to patient for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. The patient’s husband was the donor, extracted small blood in the arm using syringe and successfully transfused the wife.

A

James Blundell

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14
Q

1840, he performed 1st successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia (low levels of factor 8)

A

SAMUEL ARMSTRONG LANE AIDED ASSISTED: DR. JAMES BLUNDELL

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15
Q

1867, he utilized antiseptics to control infection during blood transfusions

A

Joseph Lister

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16
Q

the antiseptic used by Joseph Lister is _____

A

Carbolic Acid

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17
Q

1869, he recommend sodium phosphate as nontoxic anticoagulant to overcome clotting.

A

JOHN BRAXTON HICKS

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18
Q

in 1873 to 1880, documented to have transfused milk (from cows and goats) to humans.

A

Physicians of United States

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19
Q

in 1884, Saline infusion replaced as a ________ due to increased frequency of adverse reaction to milk.

A

blood substitute

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20
Q

1900, he discovers the first three human blood groups: A, B, C. Blood type C was later on changed to O.

A

Karl Landsteiner

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21
Q

1902, they discovers the fourth blood type AB.

A

Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli

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22
Q

1907, he suggested the safety of transfusion might be improved by cross matching blood between donors and patients to exclude incompatibility.

A

Ludvig Hektoen

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23
Q

in 1907, he
o Performed the first blood transfusion using blood typing and cross matching in Mt. Sinai Hospital.
o It also observed the Mendelian Inheritance of Blood groups.
o He recognized the universal utility of group O donors.

A

Reuben Ottenberg

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24
Q

1908, Devices a way to prevent clotting by sewing the vein of the recipient directly to the artery of the donor.

A

Alexis Carrel

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25
In 1908, Alexis Carrel performed the vein to vein or direct method known as _______
Anastomosis
26
anastomosis is also performed by ___ and _____
J.B Murphy and George Crile
27
1908, documented and described the antiglobulin reaction (present in our body system)
Carlo Moreschi
28
direct way of visualizing an antigenantibody reaction that has taken place but is not directly visible.
Antiglobulin
29
1912, they Formulated and developed the Lee-White Clotting Time.
Roger Lee, Paul Dudley White
30
Demonstrated that it is safe to give group O blood to patients of any blood group and that blood from all group can be given to group AB patients.
Roger Lee
31
1914, the long term anticoagulant. _________ were developed, allowing longer preservation of blood.
Sodium citrate
32
1915, uses sodium citrate as an anticoagulant to transform the transfusion procedure from direct to indirect.
Richard Lewisohn
33
1915, he demonstrated the feasibility of refrigerated storage such anticoagulated blood.
Richard Weil
34
1915, he was credited as the creator of the blood depot.
Oswald Hope Robertson
35
1916, Introduced a citrate glucose solution that permitted storage of blood for several days after collection.
Francis Peytoun Rous, J.R Turner
36
1925, Discovered 3 more blood group: M, N & P
Karl Landsteiner with Philip Levine
37
1926, Instituted the first human blood transfusion service in the world.
British Red Cross
38
what year is the discovery of other blood group systems and its antigens (M, N, S, P)
1927 to 1947
39
1930, is the most important figure in transfusion medicine; who received the Nobel Prize for Medicine.
Karl Landsteiner
40
1932, Leningrad Russia Hospital was the _______ functioning as a Blood Bank.
first facility
41
1937, he o Established the first hospital blood bank in the United States. o A hospital laboratory that could preserve and store blood donors. o Who originates the term _______.
Bernard Fantus ; Blood Bank
42
1939 and 1940, They: o Discovered the Rh blood group. o And it was later on recognized as the cause of the majority of transfusion reactions. o Known as the _________
Karl Landsteiner, Alex Weiner, Philip Levine and R.E Stetson ; Rhesus (Rh) system
43
1940, he developed a cold ethanol fractionation. This is process of breaking down plasma into components and products using ethanol.. (Albumin is one of the component he was able to fractionate)
Edwin Cohn
44
1940, he 1st demonstrated the 1st blood container, a vacuum bottle extensively used by the red cross and demonstrated the efficacy of the use of albumin (present in antibodies) in blood transfusion which can be used for patients with abnormalities.
John Eliot
45
1940, he developed Plasma for Britain program (pilot project to collect blood for shipment to the British isless)
Charles R. Drew
46
1942, Effectively treated victims of the Pearl Harbor attacks with Cohn’s albumin for shock.
Isodor Ravdin
47
1943, Introduced Acid Citrate (ACD) solution, which reduces the volume of anticoagulant permitted transfusion of greater volumes of blood and longer term blood storage.
John Freeman Louitit and Patrick Loudun Mollison
48
1943, published the classic description of transfusion transmitted hepatitis.
P. Beeson
49
1945, Describe the use of antihuman globulin to identify incomplete antibodies.
Robin Coombs, Arthur Ernest Mourant, Robert Ruseel Race
50
1950, _______________ was formed to promote common goals among blood banking facilities and the American blood donating public.
American Association of Blood Banks or AABB
51
1950, Reports the use of glycerol cryoprotectant for freezing blood cells.
Audrey Smith
52
1950, they o Introduced the plastic bag for blood collection. This replace breakable glass bottles with rugged plastic bags. o It allows for the evolution of a collection system capable of safe and easy preparation multiple blood components from a single unit of whole blood.
Carl Walter, William P. Murphy
53
1951, Was established as a clearing house providing a centralized system in United States for exchanging blood among blood banks.
AABB
54
1953, Development of the _________________ began to further expedite blood component therapy.
refrigerated centrifuge
55
1954 o Was developed for people suffering Hemophilia. o Known now as: AHF
Cryoprecipitate
56
1954 to 1959 - products made from ________ were developed to treat disease such as chicken pox
blood plasma products
57
1957, he introduced an improved preservative solution: citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD), to maintain longer preservation of blood.
John G. Gibson
58
1957 to 1958 - forms its committee on inspection and accreditation to monitor implementations for blood banking.
AABB
59
1959 - deciphered the molecular structure of hemoglobin, the molecule that transports oxygen and gives red blood cells their color.
Max Perutz
60
1960, they reported the 1st therapeutic plasmapheresis procedure
A. Solomon and J.L Fahey
61
therapeutic procedure which separates the plasma from whole blood
Plasmapherisis
62
1960, _____ begins publication of transfusion
AABB
63
1961, the role of _________ in reducing mortality from hemorrhage in cancer patients was recognized. - can cure and control hemorrhage
platelet concentration (platelet concentrate)
64
1962, 1st _____ concentrate for treatment coagulation disorder in hemophilia patients was developed through the process of fractionation
AHF
65
1964, introduced as a means of collecting plasma for fractionation
Plasmapheresis
66
1965, - report a method for producing cryoprecipitated AHF for treatment of hemophilia
JUDITH GRAHAM POOL AND ANGELA F. SHANON
67
1967, commercially introduced to prevent Rh disease in the newborns of Rh- negative women
RH IMMUNE GLOBULIN
68
1969, demonstrated the feasibility of storing platelet concentrate in room temp. which revolutionized platelet therapy
S. MURPHY AND F. GARDNER
69
1970, blood banks move toward an all- ____________ system
volunteer blood donor system
70
1971, Hepa B surface (HBsAg) testing of donated blood began in united states to all blood donors - Hepa B is infectious, can be forever at the system can lead liver cirrhosis and death
Hepatitis B testing
71
1972, used to extract one cellular component returning the rest of the blood to the donor. * it is effective, the blood collected from the donor will be immediately transfused to the recipient (uses machine; very expensive)
Apheresis
72
1979, A new anticoagulant preservative which extends the shelf life of whole blood and red blood cells to 35 days, increasing the blood supply and facilitating resource sharing among blood banks is introduced.
CPDA-1
73
1980, Doctors began training in the specialties of blood transfusion and actively participated in patient care.
Patient Care Growth of Component Therapy
74
1981, First case of a syndrome initially called GRID (Gay Related Immunodeficiency Disease) then later on renamed as _________ case reported.
(first case of AIDS) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
75
1983, Newly introduced blood additive solutions resulted in extend shelf life of treated red blood cells to 42 days.
Additive Solution
76
1984, identified as causative agent of AIDS
HIV
77
1985, The first blood screening test to detect the probable presence of HIV was licensed and implemented by blood banks in the United States. = ELISA test is universally adopted by American Blood Banks and Plasma Centers.
1st Blood Screening Test for HIV
78
1987, evidence of hepatitis C were developed and implemented. The Hepatitis B core antibody and ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase Tests)
Screening Test for Hepatitis C
79
1989, In the United States, __________ antibody (anti HTLV) testing of donated blood began.
Human T lymphotropic Virus O
80
1990, The first specific test for _______ was introduced. This major cause of Non A, Non B hepatitis.
Hepatitis C
81
1992, was established as a clearing house providing a centralized system in United States for exchanging blood among blood banks
HIV Testing
82
1996, Testing of donated blood for the _____ antigen began however the test does not completely close the HIV window, it shortens the window period.
HIV p24
83
1998, A public health effort to alert anyone who have been exposed to the virus through blood transfusion before 1992, they can receive medical counseling and treatment.
HCV Lookback Campaign
84
1999, o The blood manufacturing community began implementation of _________________ under the FDA’s investigational new drug application process. o This method employs a testing technology that directly detects the genetic materials of viruses like HCV and HIV.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT)
85
2002, This virus identified as transfusion transmissible virus.
West Nile Virus
86
2002, Nucleic Acid Amplification Test for HIV and HCV licensed by the Food and Drug Administration.
NAT Licensed by FDA
87
2003, FDA issues final guidance regarding Revised Recommendations for the Assessment of Donor Suitability and blood and blood product safety in causes of known or suspected WNV infection.
Revised Recommendations
88
2005, FDA approves the first West Nile Virus blood test to screen donors of blood, organs, cells and tissues.
: FDA Approval

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