safety in the IS lab

Question 1

caused by carelessness or lack of proper communication

Answer 1

Accidents

Question 2

ensure safe and healthful working conditions for every worker (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970)

Answer 2

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Question 3

deal with many aspects of safety and health protection, including compliance arrangements, inspection procedures, penalties for noncompliance, complaint procedures, duties and responsibilities for administration and operation of the system, and how the standards are set.

Answer 3

OSHA

Question 4

describes hazards, safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals

Answer 4

material safety data sheet (MSDS)

Question 5

introduced the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN)

Answer 5

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

Question 6

Integrates a number of surveillance systems and provides data on devices, patients, and staff

Answer 6

CDC

Question 7

Reduce the risk of inadvertent contamination with blood or body fluids

Answer 7

General Safety Practices

Question 8

General Safety Practices..

Must wear ________

Answer 8

laboratory coats

Question 9

GSP…

_____ should not be consumed in work areas or stored in the same area as specimens

Answer 9

Food and drinks

Question 10

GSP…

Containers, refrigerators, or freezers used for specimens: marked as containing a _______

Answer 10

biohazard

Question 11

GSP..

Specimens needing centrifugation are capped and placed into a ______ with a sealed dome.

Answer 11

Centrifuge

Question 12

GSP…

A _______ is used when opening rubber-stoppered test tubes to minimize aerosol production (introduction of substances into the air)

Answer 12

GAUZE SQUARE

Question 13

GSP…

Pipetting of any clinical material by mouth is strictly forbidden. ______ OR ________ are used

Answer 13

Autodilutors or safety bulbs

Question 14

all human blood and other body fluids are treated as potentially infectious for HBV, HIV and other blood-borne microorganisms

Answer 14

(CDC) Standard Precautions

Question 15

HBV may be stable in dried blood and blood products at ______ for up to ____.

Answer 15

25° C ; 7 days

Question 16

____ retains infectivity for more than 3 days in _____ specimens at room temperature; more than 1 week in an __________ at room temperature.

Answer 16

HIV ; dried ; aqueous environment

Question 17

potential for transmission in the occupational setting is greater for ____ than ____

Answer 17

HBV than HIV

Question 18

PROTECTIVE TECHNIQUES FOR INFECTION CONTROL

Answer 18

1. gloves
2. facial barrier protection and occlusive bandages
3. lab coats or gowns

Question 19

________ for procedures involving contact with normally sterile areas of the body or during procedures in which sterility has been established and must be maintained changed between each patient contact

Answer 19

sterile gloves

Question 20

used if there is a potential for splashing or spraying of blood or certain body fluids
exposed skin

Answer 20

Facial Barrier Protection and Occlusive Bandages

Question 21

reducing the transmission of microorganisms

Answer 21

handwashing

Question 22

in handwashing..

washed with ______ (if visibly soiled) or by ______ with an alcohol-based handrub (if not visibly soiled)

Answer 22

soap and water ; hand antisepsis

Question 23

in handwashing…

If accidental contamination occurs to an exposed area of the skin or because of a break in gloves, wash first with a liquid soap, rinse well with water, and then apply a _________- or _______ (left on skin for at least 1 minute) before final washing with liquid soap and water

Answer 23

1:10 dilution of bleach ; 50% alcohol

Question 24

handwashing must be performed on:

Answer 24

• After completing laboratory work and before leaving the laboratory
• After removing gloves
• Before eating, drinking, applying makeup, and changing contact lenses, and before and after using the bathroom
• Before all activities that involve hand contact with mucous membranes or breaks in the skin
• Immediately after accidental skin contact with blood, body fluids, or tissues

Question 25

When using _______, apply product to the palm of one hand and rub hands together, covering all surfaces of hands and fingers, until hands are dry

Answer 25

antiseptic agent (e.g., alcohol-based handrub)

Question 26

If an adequate volume of an alcohol-based handrub is used, it should take ______ for hands to dry.

Answer 26

15 to 25 seconds

Question 27

When washing with soap....

Answer 27

wet hands first with warm water, apply 3 to 5 mL of detergent to hands, and rub hands together vigorously for at least 15 seconds, covering all surfaces of the hands and fingers. Rinse hands with warm water and dry thoroughly with a disposable towel. Use the towel to turn off the faucet.

Question 28

In specimen-processing protection.. specimen is transported to the lab in _____ bags

Answer 28

plastic leakproof bags

Question 29

In specimen-processing protection.. substances can become airborne

Answer 29

topper (cap) is popped off a blood-collecting container, a serum sample is poured from one tube to another, or a serum tube is centrifuged

Question 30

In specimen-processing protection.. When specimens are being centrifuged, the_____ should always be kept on the tubes

Answer 30

tube caps

Question 31

in DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS.. all work surfaces should be cleaned and sanitized at the beginning and end of the shift with a 1:10 dilution of household bleach

Answer 31

sodium hypochlorite

Question 32

sodium hypochlorite is (prepared daily) inactivates HBV in ____ and HIV in ___

Answer 32

10 minutes ; 2 minutes

Question 33

DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS.. for managing blood spills: - Absorb the blood with disposable towels

Answer 33

disposable towels

Question 33

DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS.. for managing blood spills: - Absorb the blood with disposable towels

Answer 33

disposable towels

Question 34

DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS.. for managing blood spills: - Using a __________ solution, clean the spill site of all ________.

Answer 34

diluted bleach (1:10) ; visible blood

Question 35

DECONTAMINATION OF WORK SURFACES, EQUIPMENT, AND SPILLS.. for managing blood spills: - Wipe down the spill site with paper towels soaked with ____

Answer 35

diluted bleach

Question 36

________ equipment: soaking overnight in a dilute (1:10) bleach solution and rinsing with methyl alcohol and water before reuse

Answer 36

nondisposable eqioment

Question 37

Disposable glassware or supplies that have come into contact with blood: ______ or _______

Answer 37

autoclaved or incinerated

Question 38

blood and blood products, contaminated sharps, pathologic wastes, and microbiological wastes

Answer 38

infectious waste

Question 39

proper biohazard containers with the following features:

Answer 39

- Conspicuously marked “Biohazard” with the universal biohazard symbol - Universal color—orange, orange and black, or red

Question 40

_________ containers: for the disposal of sharps and broken glassware

Answer 40

rigid impermeable

Question 41

disposal of most infectious waste materials

Answer 41

plastic bags

Question 42

Final Decontamination of Waste Materials

Answer 42

incineration; autoclaving: an alternate method

Question 43

- Important for maintenance of immune status of HCW - risk for exposure to and possible transmission of diseases that can be prevented by immunizations - may be considered after an injury or exposure incident or for immunocompromised or older health care workers

Answer 43

Immunization

Question 44

- If recently exposed: one may not yield positive - 2nd skin test after 10-12 wk after last exposure - Strongly positive reactors (diameter > 15 mm) and symptoms suggestive of TB

Answer 44

PPD Tuberculin Skin Test

Question 45

blood test used to detect infection with M. Tb

Answer 45

QuantiFERON-TB Gold

Question 46

Vaccination is necessary for the ff if ____ aren’t demonstrable: ____ ; ____

Answer 46

Abs ; Rubella; HBV

Question 47

mainstay of _____________ Hep B exposure is Hepatitis B vaccine

Answer 47

Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)

Question 48

in Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)... After skin or mucosal exposure to blood: If not vaccinated: __________ administered within 24 hrs

Answer 48

hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG),

Question 49

in Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)... To ensure that the vaccination has been successful for needlestick exposures: test for ________/______

Answer 49

HBsAg antibody/ anti-HBsAg

Question 50

in Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP)... __________: Immune globulin and antiviral agents are not recommended

Answer 50

Hepatitis C Virus Exposure:

Question 51

After exposure to the blood of a patient infected or suspected of being infected with HCV, _________ should be given as soon as possible

Answer 51

immune globulin

Question 52

For most HIV exposures that warrant PEP, a basic ______, ________ drug is recommended

Answer 52

4-week ; two-drug regimen

Question 53

and Increased risk: ________

Answer 53

3-drug regimen

Question 54

used to detect antibodies to HIV

Answer 54

enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening test:

Question 55

Confirmatory test:

Answer 55

Western blot (WB)

Question 56

exposed worker should be tested for HIV antibodies within _____: - initially seronegative for the HIV antibody should be tested again _______ after exposure - If this test is negative, the worker should be tested again at _______ and _____ after exposure

Answer 56

48 hours ; 6 weeks ; 12 weeks and 6 months