Cognitive Psychology Chapter II (50-58)

Question 1

Three major brain structures:

Answer 1

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Question 2

Basal Ganglia are crucial to …

Answer 2

… motor function.

Question 3

Dysfunction in the basal gnglia result in deficits such as …

Answer 3

… tremors, involuntary movement, changes in posture and muscle tone and slowness of movement.

Question 4

Deficits that could result from a dysfunction in the basal ganglia are observed in which disease?

Answer 4

Parkinson’s disease

Huntington’s disease

Question 5

The limbic system is important to …

Answer 5

… emotion, motivation, memory, learning.

Question 6

Relatively undiveloped limbic systems can be found in …

+ implication

Answer 6

… reptiles and fish -> they almost exclusively respond to the environment by instinct.

Question 7

The limbic system conists of the following three central interconnected cerebral structures:

Answer 7

• amygdala
• septum
• hippocampus

Question 8

The amygdala is involved in …

Answer 8

… anger and aggression and enhances perception of emotional stimuli.

Question 9

The septum is involved in …

Answer 9

… anger and fear.

Question 10

Leasions to or removal of the amygdala can result in maladaptive …

Answer 10

… lack of fear.

Question 11

Two other effects of leasions to the amygdala can be:

Answer 11

• visual agnosia (inability to recognize objects)

- hypersexuality

Question 12

Hippocampus is latin and means:

Answer 12

seahorse (named after its shape)

Question 13

The hippocampus plays an essential role in …

Answer 13

… memory formation.

Question 14

Korsakoff’s syndrome produces loss of memory function and is believed to be associated with …

Answer 14

… deterioration of the hippocampus.

Question 15

Excessive alcohol use can result in …

Answer 15

… Korsakoff’s syndrome.

Question 16

The hippocampus also monitors …

Answer 16

… what is where (spatial relations).

Question 17

Most of the sensory input into the brain passes through the …

Answer 17

… thalamus.

Question 18

Name four nuclei and their roles!

Answer 18

• Lateral geniculate Nucleus (in vision)
• Medial geniculate Nucleus (in auditiory domain)
• Ventroposterior Nucleus (sensing pressure and pain)
• Ventrolateral Nucleus (sensing physical balance and equilibrium)

Question 19

Thalamus malfunction can lead to:

Answer 19

• pain
• tremor
• amnesia
• impairment of language
• disruptions in walking and sleeping

Question 20

The hypothalamus is related to:

Answer 20

• fighting
• feeding
• fleeing
• mating

Question 21

Hypothalamus malfunction can result in:

Answer 21

• nacrolepsy (whereby a person falls asleep often and unpredictably)

Question 22

Why is the midbrain more important in non-mammals than in mammals?

Answer 22

It controlls eye-movement and coordination. In mammals these functions are dominated in the forebrain, in non-mammals in the midbrain.

Question 23

Name four nuclei and their roles!

Answer 23

• Lateral geniculate Nucleus (in vision)
• Medial geniculate Nucleus (in auditiory domain)
• Ventroposterior Nucleus (sensing pressure and pain)
• Ventrolateral Nucleus (sensing physical balance and equilibrium)

Question 24

What does geniculate mean?

Answer 24

“knee-shaped”

Question 25

What does RAS stand for?

Answer 25

reticular activating system

Question 25

RAS aka.

Answer 25

reticular formation

Question 25

The reticular activating system (RAS) is essential to the regulation of:

Answer 25

consciousness (sleep, wakefullness, arousal, attention and heartbeat, breathing)

Question 25

The brainstem connects ...

Answer 25

... forebrain to spinal chord.

Question 25

The medulla oblongata controls:

Answer 25

- heart rate - breathing - swallowing - digestion

Question 25

Where do nerves from the right side of the body cross over to the left side of the brain?

Answer 25

in the medulla oblongata