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Flashcards in Degenerative Joint Conditions Deck (11)
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1
Q

What factors may lead to the loss of muscle mass in sarcopenia?

A

Low sex hormones, low IGF-1 , decrease in physical activity, OA and neuronal degeneration

2
Q

What is camptocormia?

A

an abnormal, severe and involuntary forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine, which becomes manifest during standing and walking and subsides in the recumbent (lying) position

3
Q

How may sarcopenia be prevented?

A

Exercise, vitamin D depletion (supplements) and HRT

4
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis is a disease of synovial joints which is characterised by focal cartilage loss and an accompanying reparative bone response.

5
Q

How may you diagnose/observe osteoarthritis on a plain radiograph?

A

Cartilage loss (joint space narrowing) and bone response (presence of osteophytes and sclerosis)

6
Q

What is pseudogout?

A

Crystal-associated osteoarthritis (psuedogout) is a calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) disease (an apatite-associated destructive arthritis)

7
Q

What are Heberden’s nodes?

A

Increased width of the bone in the DISTAL interphalangeal joint, seen in osteoarthritis

8
Q

What are Bouchard’s nodes?

A

Increased width of the bone in the PROXIMAL interphalangeal joint, seen in osteoarthritis

9
Q

What is spondylosis?

A

Spondylosis is a degenerative condition of the discal articulation of the spine

10
Q

How is osteoporosis classified?

A

Primary (type 1 = post-menopausal, type 2 = senile, <70 years of age)

Secondary - due to thyrotoxicosis, Cushing’s, malignancy etc.

Idiopathic (under age 50)

11
Q

Define osteoporosis

A

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterised by compromised bone strength predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture.