Immunology of Joint Conditions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Immunology of Joint Conditions Deck (20)
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1
Q

Which immune system is involved in joint diseases?

A

Adaptive immune system

2
Q

How does the adaptive immune system have unlimited diversity?

A

Due to random gene recombination. The random mixing and matching of variable, diversity and joining genes generates unlimited repertoires for pathogens but also self-reactive clones

3
Q

What are the two types of tolerance of the immune system?

A
  • Central tolerance – strongly self-reactive antibodies die before they leave.
  • Peripheral tolerance
4
Q

What receptor is involved in presenting antigens to T cells?

A

MHC

5
Q

What are Th1 cells involved in?

A

Cellular immunity (increased levels can lead to autoimmunity)

6
Q

What are Th2 cells involved in?

A

Humoral immunity (increased levels can lead to IgE production and allergy)

7
Q

What are Th17 cells involved in?

A

Mucosal surface immunity (increased levels leads to chronic inflammation)

8
Q

What are Treg cells involved in?

A

Immune regulation (increased leads to cancer and decreased leads to inflammation autoimmunity)

9
Q

What is spondylitis?

A

Inflammation of the joint in the backbone that tends to involve the SI joint

10
Q

What factors are involved in the pathogenesis of spondylitis?

A

HLA-B27, T cells and excess TNFa and IL-17 production

11
Q

What is lupus?

A

Inflammation of the skin where patients produce auto-antibodies to nuclear antigens

12
Q

How is lupus associated with arthritis?

A

Almost all lupus patients develop mild arthritis due to immune complex deposition in blood vessels which activates complement and phagocytic cells

13
Q

What factors are involved in the pathogenesis of lupus?

A

Hyperactive immune cells as a result which produce IFN, IFN and B lymphocyte growth factors (e.g. BAFF)

14
Q

What is the main target in rheumatoid arthritis treatment?

A

Anti-TNFa therapy

15
Q

Outline the immunological mechanism behind the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

A

> Auto-antibodies to IgG (rheumatoid factors) and citrullinated peptides
HLA-DR4 presented to T cells
Excess TNFa production

16
Q

Name the four aspects of the innate immune system

A

Lipid mediators, cytokines, chemokine and complement

17
Q

What is the role of lipid mediators in the innate immune system, and provide examples.

A

Increase vascular permeability and cause smooth muscle contraction e.g. leukotrienes, PAF and PG

18
Q

What is the role of cytokines in the innate immune system, and provide examples.

A

Increase vascular permeability, cause fever and activate vascular endothelium e.g. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNFa

19
Q

What is the role of chemokines in the innate immune system, and provide examples.

A

Attract and activate phagocytic cells ad vascular endothelial cells e.g. IL-8, MCP-1 and fractalkine

20
Q

What is the role of complement in the innate immune system, and provide examples.

A

Attract and activate immune cels and increase vascular permeability e.g. C2a, C3a and C5a