Revision of the Upper Limb Anatomy Flashcards Preview

LOCOMOTOR 2 > Revision of the Upper Limb Anatomy > Flashcards

Flashcards in Revision of the Upper Limb Anatomy Deck (41)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are the three bones of the shoulder?

A

Scapula, clavicle and humerus

2
Q

What are the three joints of the shoulder?

A

Sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular and glenohumeral

3
Q

What is the blood supply to the upper arm?

A

Subclavian artery becomes the axillary as it passes by the armpit, and then the brachial after the inferior border of teres major.

4
Q

What are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

5
Q

What are the 5 terminal nerves of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median and ulnar

6
Q

What are the three nerves of the anterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Musculocutaneous, median and ulnar

7
Q

What are the two nerves of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Axillary and radial

8
Q

What nerve is likely to be damaged if there is an anterior dislocation of the shoulder?

A

Axillary nerve as it runs underneath the glenohumeral joint

9
Q

If there is axillary nerve damage what are the clinical findings?

A

Weakness in abduction of the arm due to deltoid paralysis and loss of sensation over the regimental badge

10
Q

Where does lymph from the upper limb mainly drain?

A

Into humeral and central nodes

11
Q

Where does the lymph from the lateral breast drain?

A

Axillary nodes

12
Q

Where does the lymph from the medial breast drain?

A

Into parasternal nodes

13
Q

What is meant by scapula-humeral rhythm?

A

The scapula and humerus move in a 1:2 ratio. When the arm is abducted 180 degrees, 60 degrees is done by rotation of the scapula whilst 120 is done by rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint

14
Q

What is the function of serratus anterior?

A

To keep the scapula onto the ribcage

15
Q

What is the nerve supply to serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve

16
Q

What happens if there is damage to the long thoracic nerve?

A

Winging of the scapula due to lack of innervation to serratus anterior muscle which usually keeps scapula to ribcage

17
Q

What causes winging of the scapula?

A

Long thoracic nerve injury (dysfunction of serratus anterior)

18
Q

What nerve may be injured in breast cancer surgery (axillary node clearance)?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (to latissimus dorsi) OR long thoracic nerve (serratus anterior)

19
Q

What is the nerve supply to latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal

20
Q

How may the spinal accessory nerve become damaged?

A

Tumour around the jugular foramen

21
Q

What are the signs of damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

A

Weak shoulder abduction, atrophy of trapezius and shoulder falls

22
Q

What are the joints at the elbow?

A

Humeroulnar, humeroradial and proximal radioulnar joints

23
Q

What structures run in the spiral groove of the posterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Radial nerve and deep artery of the arm

24
Q

What structures run in the anterior compartment of the upper arm?

A

Median and musculocutaneous nerves with the brachial artery

25
Q

What nerve is at risk of injury in a mid-shaft humeral fracture?

A

Radial nerve –> wrist drop

26
Q

What nerve is at risk of injury in a supracondylar fracture just above the elbow?

A

Median nerve –> hand of benediction

27
Q

What nerve is at risk of injury in a medial epicondyle fracture?

A

Ulnar nerve –> ulnar claw

28
Q

Which is the stabilising bone of the forearm?

A

Ulna is most stabilising as the ulna claws over the bone

29
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexors and pronators

30
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

31
Q

What is the blood supply to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial and ulnar arteries

32
Q

What is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extensors and supinators

33
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

34
Q

What is the blood supply to the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Posterior interosseous artery (from ulnar artery in the anterior compartment)

35
Q

What are the joints of the hand?

A

Distal radioulnar, radiocarapl, inter carpal, carpometacarpal, metacarpaphalangeal and interphalangeal (distal and proximal)

36
Q

Does the ulna bone articulate with the carpal bones?

A

No

37
Q

Which bones does the radius articulate with?

A

Scaphoid and lunate

38
Q

What is a Colle’s fracture?

A

Fracture of the distal radius only within 2cm of the distal fracture

39
Q

What muscle group will atrophy in the hand if the median nerve is compressed?

A

Thenar (thumb) muscles

40
Q

What protects the long flexor and extensor tendons from rubbing on the bones?

A

Tendon sheath

41
Q

Where do the radial and ulnar arteries anastamose?

A

In the superficial and deep palmar arches