Introduction to Orthopaedics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Introduction to Orthopaedics Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is a cemented joint replacement?

A

Where an acrylic polymer (PMMA) is used to lock the bone and implant together

2
Q

What is an uncemented joint replacement?

A

Where there is a rough bone surface with either a porous or hydroxyapatite covering (to promote bone growth)

3
Q

What is a hybrid hip joint replacement?

A

Where there is a cemented stem but a cement less cup

4
Q

What is a reverse hybrid hip joint replacement?

A

Where there is a cemented cup but a cement less stem

5
Q

Why are tendon transfers more complicated in the upper limb?

A

As the upper limb is required to do more complicated movements

6
Q

How may ACL repair be facilitated?

A

Through grafts of the patella-ligament-tibia OR a graft from the hamstrings (semitendinosus and/or gracilis tendon)

7
Q

What is a delayed fracture healing?

A

Failure for the fracture to heal within 1.5x the normal expected time

8
Q

What is a mal-union fracture healing?

A

Misalignment of the proximal and distal fragments leading to a biomechanical deformity (rotation, angulation, shortening or translation)

9
Q

What is a non-union fracture issue?

A

Failure to consolidate within 2x the normal expected time. May be atrophic or hypertrophic depending on the blood supply and degree of stability.

10
Q

What are the four things required for a bone graft to be effective?

A

Osteogenesis, osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteopromotion

11
Q

Define osteogenesis

A

Formation or development of new bone cells contained in the graft

12
Q

Define osteoconduction

A

The physical effect by which the matrix of the graft forms a scaffold that favours outside cells to penetrate the graft and form new bone

13
Q

Define osteoinduction

A

The chemical process by which molecules contained in the graft converts the neighbouring cells into osteoblasts

14
Q

Define osteopromotion

A

Where the graft material enhances osteoinduction