Deviahnce (drugs)

Question 1

What is definition of deviance?

Answer 1

Behavior that goes against the norms or accepted standards in sports

Question 2

What are different form of deviance

Answer 2

Cheating, doping ／drugs, violence, bribery, illegal gambling

Question 3

What is legal drugs?

Answer 3

Legal drugs aids performance, but do not break the laws

Question 4

What is illegal drugs?

Answer 4

Enhance performance and break the laws

Question 5

What are some example of legal drugs?

Answer 5

Whey protein －build and repair muscles
Creatine － high energy compound
Melatonin －help improve endurance performance
Energy bars - immediate source of energy
Vitamins and minerals-repair ／ build strong-bones etc.

Question 6

Why are legal drugs still frowned upon if they are legal?

Answer 6

Performance enhancement
Access and affordability
Healthy risk
Ethical concerns
Potential for abuse

Question 7

Would legal and freely available drugs violate the “spirit” of Olympics?

Answer 7

Against:
* Not in the spirit of fair play aas not all athletes have access to the same supplements
* Cost may be beyond some athletes - elitist
* Not a level playing field - training and a healthy balanced diet should be enough
* If taken over the long term they do carry health risks
* Drugs that improve our natural potential are against the spirit of this model of sport

For:
* Perfomance isn’t enhanced therefore is fair and honest
* We make choices on our own judgement on legal supplyments.
* Can’t just be left to genetics. Legal drugs can help level the playing field
* Creative solution to help with training
* Not breaking any laws

Question 8

What is one example of athlete taking legal supplements and get consequences?

Answer 8

• Maria Sharapova
• Admitted taking banned substance meldonium, which had been recently banned
• She said she failed to recognise the updated list
• Banned from competition for 2 years

Question 9

What are the effect of legal drugs?

Answer 9

• Slight enhancement
• Build muscle
• Weight control
• Aid recovery
• Hold water
• Store and provide energy
• Hydration

Question 10

What are advantages of legal supplements?

Answer 10

• Not illegal - cannot be punished
• Less likely to have health implication unless you over does on them

Question 11

What are some disadvantages of legal supplements?

Answer 11

• Can be comtaminated - therefore may contain illegal traces of drugs
• Don’t have a huge effect of improved performance
• Side effects if taken over the long term - tooth decay (energy drinks)

Question 12

What are the three examples of illegal drugs?

Answer 12

• Beta blocker
• Stimulants
• Anabolic steroid

Question 13

What does anabolic steroid do?

Answer 13

• Trained harder and longer
• Increased strength
• Increased aggression
• Muscle hypertrophy

Question 14

What does stimulant do?

Answer 14

• Stimulate your brain
• Increased alertness
• Increased focus
• Increased reactive

Question 15

What does beta blocker do?

Answer 15

• Control heart rate
• Keeps athlete calm
• Reduced hand tremors

Question 16

What is blood doping?

Answer 16

• Increased red blood cell count
• High volume of haemoglobin
• Extra oxygen around the body
• Endurance performance - last longer

Question 17

What is the protocol of blood doping?

Answer 17

• Donating a pint or two of their blood
• The blood is laced in a centrifuge, where it spins around at high speed
• The RBC are forced to the bottom
• The liquid part at the top is re-injected back to the performer
• The RBC are stored
• The RBC are reinjected a day before event

Question 18

What are some risks of blood doping?

Answer 18

• Heart attack
• Pulmonary embolism
• Cerebral embolism
• Infection
• Allegic reation

Question 20

Why do athletes do illegal drugs?

Answer 20

• Political pressure - e.g. Russian Olympic Scandal
• Coaches pressure
• To improved performance
• Monetary reward
• “everyone else is doing it” - e.g. Record number of cyclists have been caught cheating including Lance Armstrong
• Physical reason

Question 21

What are the consequences of using illegal drugs on the sport?

Answer 21

• Loss of Sponsorship – cant be associated with a corrupt sport
• Less performers – they often drop out – parents don’t want children in corrupt sports
• Loss of supporters and spectators – leads to less money – subscriptions/ticket sales/merchandise etc
• Lack of positive media coverage
• Sport put under pressure to deal with cheats – invest money to do this

Question 22

What are the consequences of using illegal drugs on the performers?

Answer 22

• Gain unfair advantage – breaking ethics of sport
• Breaks Olympic Oath – promise to not take drugs
• Unfair and meaningless results
• Poor role modelling - Other athletes feel forced to take drugs
• Banned from competing (career prospects halted)
• Stripped of past achievements (gold medals and other accolades) and loss of sponsorship deals
• Suspicion towards other performers… “have they won fairly or are they using performance enhancing drug”?
• Negative health implications – physical and psychological

Question 23

What are the consequences of using illegal drugs on the society?

Answer 23

• Shows up society as a ‘Win at all Costs’ result is more important than the sport itself – no ethics – reflect of a corrupt society.
• Fewer role models – limits participation
• Negative perception of the sport – limits participation
• Lack of trust towards sports performers and organisations in society
• State sponsored doping programmes (Russia) often reflect the political (corrupt) situation of a country… which then impacts the views of people in society
• Children mislead on the true value of sport which deflects from the positive impact sport has

Question 24

What are some strategies to prevent drug use?

Answer 24

1. Use harsher punishments.
   E.g. WADA in 2015 doubled the doping ban to 4 years and repeat offenders banned for life…
2. Testing
   Make it Stricker, more frequent, out of season
   More money into research and testing – worldwide testing policy
3. educate about the consequences drugs and blood doping
   Governing bodies set up programmes to assist this…
4. Role models and ambassadors to encourage drug free sports
5. More research into their dangers

Question 25

Why can't illegal drugs be eliminated?

Answer 25

1. Win at all cost mentality remains within performers Desire to win and be the best overshadows HOW they do this – commercial pressure/coach/sponsors 2. Commercial incentives Commercialisation of sports meant money could be made/Sponsorship deals if they win Eg Lance Armstrong had immense commercial benefits from his cycling successes 3. Level playing field mentality If everyone else is doing it Eg institutionalised blood doping in cycling 4. Technology Doping technology is ahead of the prevention technology EG EPO was undetechable in the 1990s 5. Missing tests Athletes can miss two tests without punishment 6. Country differences Some anti doping programmes are limited EG Kenya before the 2016 Olympics 7. state sponsored programmes State sponsored doping programmes add pressure on athletes to dope and help avoid detection EG Russian scandal in 2016