Diabetes

Question 1

What are the 5 types of oral Diabetes therapies?

Answer 1

Biguanides
Sulfonylureas
Thiazolidinedions/Glitazones
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors

Question 2

Which diabetic drug stimulates PPAR?

Answer 2

Pioglitazone

Question 3

What are the 2 types of injectable diabetes drugs?

Answer 3

GLP-1 agonists

Insulin

Question 4

What is the first line therapy for DM-II?

Answer 4

Metformin

Question 5

What type of drug is Metformin?

Answer 5

Biguanide

Question 6

Other than DM-II, what my Metformin be Rxed for?

Answer 6

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Question 7

What does Metformin activate to suppresses gluconeogensis?

Answer 7

AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)

Question 8

When AMPK is suppressed, what 3 things happen?

Answer 8

Suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis
Suppression of intestinal glucose absorption
Increase in insulin sensitivity

Question 9

What are the 3 common effects of Metformin?

Answer 9

Headache
Metallic taste
Rash

Question 10

What are the 2 serious adverse effects of Metformin?

Answer 10

Lactic acidosis

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 11

What happens when fish oils or decongestants interact with Metformin?

Answer 11

Increase in blood sugar

Question 12

Metformin may interact with what 2 things to cause an increase in blood sugar?

Answer 12

Fish oils

Decongestants

Question 13

Metformin may interact with what to decrease blood sugar?

Answer 13

Flaxseed

Question 14

When Metformin interacts with flaxseed, what happens?

Answer 14

Decreased blood sugar

Question 15

When ___ interacts with Metformin, hypoglycemia gets masked.

Answer 15

Beta Blockers

Question 16

What may occur when Metformin interacts with Beta-blockers?

Answer 16

Masks hypoglycemia

Question 17

What may occur when Metformin interacts with Aminoglycosides, Amphotericin, Ganciclovir, or Acyclovir?

Answer 17

Nephrotoxicity-induced lactic acidosis

Question 18

Metformin may interact with what 4 drugs/types to cause nephrotoxicity-induced lactic acidosis?

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides (micins)
Amphotericin
Ganciclovir
Aciclovir

Question 19

What may occur when Metformin interacts with Cyclosporin?

Answer 19

Decreased metabolism

Question 20

The interaction of Metformin with what drug class may cause a decrease in metabolism?

Answer 20

Cyclosporine

Question 21

What does a hepatic activation of Beta-2 cause?

Answer 21

Glycogenolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Question 22

What does a pancreatic activation of Beta-2 cause?

Answer 22

Increased insulin release

Question 23

What does a pancreatic activation of alpha-2 cause?

Answer 23

Decreased insulin release

Question 24

Which Diabetes drug is a Sulfanylurea?

Answer 24

Glipizide

Question 25

What is the MOA of Glipizide?

Answer 25

Stimulates pancreatic islet beta cells | Binds ATP-dependent K+channel blocker, causing depolarization, Ca++ release and vesicle effusion

Question 26

What does stimulation of pancreatic islet beta cells cause?

Answer 26

Insulin release

Question 27

What are the 3 common side effects of Glipizide?

Answer 27

Headache Hypoglycemia Photosensitivity

Question 28

What is the 1 serious adverse effect of Glipizide?

Answer 28

Death

Question 29

Which is the diabetes drug that may cause death?

Answer 29

Glipizide

Question 30

What may occur when Glipizide interacts with steroids or decongestants?

Answer 30

Antagonistic

Question 31

Glipizide my interact with which two drug types to cause an antagonistic effect?

Answer 31

Decongestants | Steroids

Question 32

What may occur if glipizide interacts with Flax Seed Oil?

Answer 32

Additive effect

Question 33

Glipizide may interact with which substance to cause an additive effect?

Answer 33

Flax Seed Oil

Question 34

What may happen when Glipizide interacts with Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 34

Unpredictable effect

Question 35

Glipizide may interact with which drug class to cause an unpredictable effect?

Answer 35

Fluoroquinolones

Question 36

What may occur if NSIADs and Glipizide interact?

Answer 36

Prolonged effect

Question 37

Which diabetes drug is a Thiazolidinedione?

Answer 37

Pioglitazone

Question 38

Which diabetes drug may cause bladder cancer?

Answer 38

Pioglitazone

Question 39

What is the MOA of Pioglitazone?

Answer 39

Insulin sensitizer | Stimulates PPAR, increasing insulin sensitivity in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose

Question 40

What are the 6 common side effects of Pioglitazone?

Answer 40

``` Fluid retention Weight gain Headache Sinusitis Pharyngitis Dyspnea ```

Question 41

What is the 1 ocular side effect of Pioglitazon?

Answer 41

Diabetic Macular Edema

Question 42

Pioglitazone may interact with which 3 drugs to give an antagonistic effect?

Answer 42

Decongestants Corticosteroids Sympathomimetics

Question 43

Azoles and Trimethoprim may interact with Pioglitazone to cause what?

Answer 43

Impaired metabolism

Question 44

Which Diabetes drug is a DPP-4 inhibitor?

Answer 44

Sitagliptin

Question 45

What does inhibition of DPP-4 cause?

Answer 45

Slowing of incretin breakdown Increasing insulin synthesis/release Decreasing glucagon

Question 46

What is the 1 common adverse effect of Sitagliptin?

Answer 46

Headache

Question 47

What are the 2 serious adverse effects of Sitagliptin?

Answer 47

Renal failure | SJS

Question 48

Which type of diabetes drug is Canagliflozin?

Answer 48

SGLT-2 Inhibitor

Question 49

What does inhibition of SGLT-2 cause?

Answer 49

Reduced glucose reabsorption | Increased urinary glucose secretion

Question 50

What are the 3 common side effects of Canagliflozin?

Answer 50

Increased urination Thirst Dehydration

Question 51

What are the 3 serious adverse effects of Canagliflozin?

Answer 51

Orthostatic hypotension Fractures Bone density loss

Question 52

Which diabetes drug may cause bone density loss or fractures?

Answer 52

Canagliflozin

Question 53

Which 6 drug types may cause additive renal toxicity upon interaction with Canagliflozin?

Answer 53

``` CAIs Acyclovir Amphotericin Bacitracin Cyclosporine NSAIDs ```

Question 54

What may occur if Ophthalmic Beta-blockers interact with Canagliflozin?

Answer 54

Additive risk of hypotension

Question 55

What may occur if Canagliflozin interacts with Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 55

Additive hypoglycemia