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Medical Conditions II > Endocrine Pathology > Flashcards

Endocrine Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Pituitary Syndromes

A
  • gigantism
  • dwarfism
  • acromegaly
  • diabedes insipidus
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2
Q

Thyroid Syndromes

A
  • hyperthyroidism
  • hypothyroidism
  • thyroid cancer
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3
Q

Parathyroid Syndromes

A
  • hyperparathyroidism

- hypoparathyroidism

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4
Q

Adrenal Syndromes

A
  • addison’s disease
  • cushing’s syndrome
  • conn’s syndrome
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5
Q

Pancreatic Syndromes

A

-Diabetes Mellitus (Type I & II)

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6
Q

Endocrine Disorder Hierarchy

A
  • Primary (Gland)
  • Secondary (Pituitary)
  • Tertiary (Hypothalamus)
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7
Q

Gigantism

A
  • overgrowth of long bones

- caused by increased GH produced during childhood

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8
Q

Dwarfism

A

-too little growth hormone produced

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9
Q

Acromegaly Defn

A

-too much GH produced during adulthood

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10
Q

Acromegaly Treatment

A
  • radiation/surgical removal of pit gland

- thyroid, cortisone, and hormone replacement post surgery

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11
Q

PT Implications of Acromegaly Post-surgery

A
  • sneeze, cough, blowing nose is contraindicated
  • monitor blood glucose
  • osteophyte formation & widening of joint spaces
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12
Q

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A

-rare disorder of neurohypophysis: deficient production/response of ADH

ADH deficiency—>imbalance of H2O

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13
Q

S/Sx Diabetes Insipidus

A
  • polydipsia
  • polyurea/nocturia
  • dehyddration
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14
Q

Neurogenic DI

A
  • defect in synthesis or release of ADH

- usually damage to pit gland

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15
Q

Management of neurogenic DI

A
  • drugs to stimulate ADH

- vasopressin

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16
Q

Nephrogenic DI

A
  • kidneys don’t respond to ADH

- excessive urination & thirst

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17
Q

Management of Nephrogenic DI

A
  • drugs to increase sodium excretion by kidneys (diuretics)

- anti-inflammatory meds

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18
Q

Diabetes Mellitus (versus DI)

A
  • disorder of pancreas
  • insufficient insulin–>abn glucose metab
  • S/Sx: polydipsia, polyuria, increased appetite, fatigue
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19
Q

DI (versus DM)

A
  • disorder of pit gland or kidney
  • ADH deficient
  • S/Sx poly dipsia, polyuria, dehydration
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20
Q

PT Implications of DI

A
  • side effects of ADH administration include contraction of smooth muscle of vasculature
  • side effects of water intoxication
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21
Q

Side Effects of Water Intoxication

3

A
  • pulmonary crackles
  • cerebral edema
  • seizures
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22
Q

Side effects of ADH Administration

3

A
  • incr BP
  • GI Irritability
  • coronary arteries
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23
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

-imbalance of metabolism caused by over production of thyroid hormone

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24
Q

Common type of Hyperthyroidism

A

-Grave’s Disease

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25
Grave's Disease
- common type of hyperthyroidism - caused by immunoregulation defect in genetically predisposed individuals, leading to production of thyroid stimulating antibodis
26
Causes of Hyperthyroidism | 4
- non-cancerous growths of thyroid/pit glands - tumors of testes/ovaries - ingestion of excessive thyroid hormone - ingestion excessive iodine
27
S/Sx Hyperthyroidism | 12
- weight loss - incr appetite - nervousness - restlessness - heat intolerance - sweating - diarrhea - tremor - palpitations - periarthritis - weakness - goiter
28
Vitals with Hyperthyroidsim
- incr cardiopulmonary function | - SBP elevated
29
Hyperthyroidism Lab Tests
- TSH decreased - T3 elevated - T4 normal
30
Storm
- thyroid crisis | - acute worsening of hyperthryroidism Sx (from stress/infection)
31
Sx of Hyperthyroidism Storm | 3
- fever - decreased mental alertness - abdominal pain
32
Hyperthyroidism Treatment | 4
- antithyroid medications - radioactive iodine - surgery (remove thyroid) - beta-blockers (for heart Sx)
33
PT implications of Hyperthyroidism | 6
- monitor vitals - heat intol - calcific tentonitis - precaution with raio iodine therapy - exercise intolerance - decreased ex's capacity
34
most common disorder of thyroid function
-hypothyroidism
35
Hypothyroidism
-deccrease in thyroid hormone-->decreased metabolism
36
Hypothyroidism S/Sx | 14
- fatigue - weakness - weight gain - coarse, dry hair - dry, rough pale skin - hair loss - myxedema - constipation - depression - irritability - memory loss - abnormal menstrual cycles - decreased libido - muscle cramps/muscle aches
37
Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism
-blood tests of TSH, T4
38
Treatment of Hypothyroidism | 1
-thyroid hormone pill
39
Goiter
- enlarged thyroid gland | - enlarges to compensate for insufficient hormone production
40
Goiter associated with/causes: | 4
- hyperthyroidism - lack of iodine in diet - inflammation - tumors
41
PT Implications of Hypothyroidism | 5
- edematous tissues prone to skin tears/breakdown - watch for signs of hyperthyroidism - gradual increase ex's tolerance - watch for rhabdomyolysis - decreased SV & HR-->decr CO
42
Thyroid Cancer Profile
- rare - women>men (2:1) - 40-60 years old
43
Risk factors of Thyroid Cancer
-Hx radiaion to neck
44
Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer
-fine-needle aspiration/biopsy
45
treatment of Thyroid Cancer | 2
- surgical resection of thyroid | - radiation
46
PT considerations of Thyroid Cancer
- any palpable mass discovered in exam of neck demands referral - dysphagia, dyspnea, hoarseness
47
Hyperparathyroidism
- primary/secondary/tertiary | - increase PTH disruptes calcium/phosphate ion balance in blood
48
S/Sx Hyperparathyroidism | 4
- bone damage - hypercalcemia - kidney damage - GI complaints
49
Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism | 1
-PTH levels in hypercalcemic clients
50
Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism | 4
- surgical excision of parathyroid glands - pharmocologic: decrease serum calcium levels - inhibit resorption of bone - promote excretion of calcium in urine
51
PT Considerations of Hyperparathyroidism | 9
- bone pain - pathologic fractures - chronic renal failure - proximal muscle weakness - muscle atrophy - myalgias - gout/pseudogout - joint hypermobility - osteogenic synovitis
52
Hypoparathyroidism
- insufficient secretion of PTH | - disrupts calcium/phosphate balance in blood
53
Low PTH cause: | 3
- decr bone reabsorption - GI tract absorption slows - serum calcium levels fall
54
S/Sx Hypoparathyroidism | 4
- neuromuscular tetany - hypocalcemia - +Trousseau's Sign (arm) - + Chvostek's Sign (face)
55
Diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism | 3
- Hx - exam - lab values
56
Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism | 1
-increase serum calcium levels (IV)
57
PT Considerations of Hypoparathyroidism | 1
-muscle twitching first sign of acute tetany
58
Adrenal Insufficiency
-Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's Disease)
59
Result of Adrenal Insufficiency
-decr in glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens
60
Adrenal Insufficiency profile
- women>men | - 40-60 years old
61
S/Sx Adrenal Insufficiency | 11
- hypoglycemia - fatigue - hypotension - weight loss - NV - dehydration - decr CO - decr stress tolerance - decr coordination - crave salty food - incr skin pigmentation
62
diagnosis of Adrenal Insufficiency | 2
- blood/urine hormonal assays | - clinical resposne to ACTH
63
Treatment of Adrenal Insufficiency | 2
- pharmacologic | - synthetic corticosteroids/mineralocorticoids
64
PT Considerations of Adrenal Insufficiency
-be aware of side-effects of long-term steroid treatment (osteoporosis, myopathy, AVN)
65
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Syndromes
- Cushing's Syndrome - Conn's Syndrome - Adrenal Hyperplasia
66
Cushing's Syndrome
-too much cortisol (glucocorticoid)
67
Conn's Syndrome
-too much mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)
68
Adrenocortical Hyperfunction cause | 2
- overstimulation of adrenal gland | - medication-induced hypercortisolism
69
S/Sx Adrenocortical Hyperfunction | 5
- protuberant abdomen - poor wound healing - thin skin - general weakness - marked osteoporosis
70
Diagnosis of Cushing's Disease
- presentation | - levels of urine & serum cortisol
71
Treatment of Cushing's Disease | 4
- decrease cortisol levels gradually - radiation - surgery - drug therapy
72
PT considerations for Cushing's disease
-aware of side effects of long term steroid treatment (osteoporosis, AVN, myopathy)
73
S/Sx Cushing Syndrome | 4
- lipoma on back of neck/upper TS - bruise easily - round face - abnormal facial hair growth
74
S/Sx Conn's Syndrome | 9
- hypernatremia - hypervolemia - hypokalemia - metablic alkalosis - HTN - polyuria - polydipsia - DM
75
Fasting Blood Glucose Levels
80-120 60-100 for children
76
Diagnosis of Conn's Syndrome
- elevation in serum and urine hormone levels | - CT scan of abdomen for tumors
77
Treatment of Conn's Syndrome
- surgical excision of tumor | - pharmacologic: incr sodium excretion, decr HTN, increase K+
78
PT Considerations Conn's syndrome | 4
- evidence of tetany - cardiac arrhythmias - parestheisas - muscle weakness
79
Hypoglycemia
- Low Blood Sugar | - not enough to fuel body's blood cells
80
Causes of Hypoglycemia | 8
- too much insulin in diabetics - other drugs - psychological disturbances - alcohol intake w/o eating - missing a meal - strenuous ex's - insulin producing tumor in pancreas - hypokalemia
81
Sx of Hypocalcemia | 12
- shakiness - dizziness - sweating - hunger - HA - irritability - pale skin color - sudden moodiness - behavior changes - clumsy/jerky movements - diff paying attn/confusion - tingling around mouth
82
Diagnosis of Hypoglycemia | 4
- med Hx - med exam - blood tests - blood sugar/insulin levels
83
Treatment of Hypoglycemia | 4
- consume sugar - glucagon - small frequent meals

Medical Conditions II (34 decks)

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