Flashcards in Renal/Urologic System Deck (79)
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1
Nephron Function
-filter blood
-reabsorb fluid
-forms filtrate of protein-free plasma
-maintain body fluid volume
-maintain electrolyte composition
-maintain body pH
2
Kidney receives _____& of cardiac output
-20%
3
Pathway
-blood vessel
-bowman's capsule
-glomerulus
-prox convoluted tubule
-Loop of Henle
-Distal convoluted tubule
-collecting duct
-urethra
4
____ of plasma is filtered into the renal tubules
20%
5
urinary output=____L/day
1.5L/day
(most fluid reabsorbed back from tubules)
6
GFR
-glomerular filtration rate
-rate of plasma filtration by glomerulus
7
Clearance
-volume from which all test substance is removed
8
______ is often used to measure GFR
-creatinine clearance
9
Creatine
-Mm metabolism byproduct
-has fairly constant plasma level
10
_________level alone is often used to monitor GFR
-plasma creatinine
11
Substantial GFR changes may be reflected in _______
-relatively small plasma creatinine changes
12
Normal Creatinine Levels
Male=0.7-1.3
Female=0.6-1.1
13
Tests of Renal System
-GFR
-Plasma Creatinine Concentration
-BUN
-Urinalysis
14
Urinalysis
-best test for infectious agents or foreign materials (toxins, drugs)
-color, turbidity, protein, pH, specific gravity, sediment)
15
Diuretics
-inhibit Na+ uptake
-->more water remains in tubule and urine
16
Diuretic Effects on Body
-decrease BP, edema, body fluid, CHF symptoms
17
Pathologies of Renal System
-Infection
-Cancer
-Renal Cystic Disease
-Renal Calculi
-Chronic Renal Failure
-Glomerulonephritis
-Neurogenic disorders
-urinary incontinence
18
UTI
-Urethritis
-Cystitis (bladder infection)
19
Urethritis Sx
-Inflamm/pain at urethral opening
-painful urination
20
Cystitis Sx
-bladder infection
-Painful urinatino
-frequent urination
-urgent need to urinate
-urine cloudy/red
-fever sometimes
-suprapubic/low back pain
-flank pain
21
Pyelonephritis Symptoms
-(Kidney infection)
-symptoms suggesting bladder infection
-abrupt onset
-high fever/chills
-back pain around kidney
-nausea/vomiting
22
Kidney/UTI Evaluation
-Urinalysis
-tender to percussion at costovertebral angle (pyelonephritis)
23
Prevention of Kidney/UTI
-post-void residual assessment to assess urinary retention
-sufficient fluid intake
-urogenital hygiene
24
Kidney/UTI Treatment
-antibiotics
-increase fluids
-consider lactobacillius acidophilus to prevent yeast growth when on antibiotics
-contact doc if not better in 48-72 hours
25
Renal Cell Carcinoma
-malignant tumor
-80-90% of all renal neoplasms
26
Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence
-male (over 60) 2x > female
27
S/Sx Renal Cell Carcinoma
-bloody urine
-abdominal/flank pain
-palpable mass
-HTN
-hyperparathyroidism
28
Metastases of Renal Cell Carcinoma
-lungs
-bone (lumbar vert)
29
Eval/Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
-radiographic imaging
-surgical removal of tumor
30
