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Types of Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of Infectious Diseases

A
  • pneumonia
  • Tuberculosis
  • hepatitis
  • leprosy
  • chickenpox
  • meningitis
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2
Q

Examples of Bacterial Infections

A
  • staphylococcus
  • streptococcus
  • pseudomonas
  • clostridial myonecrosis (gangrene)
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3
Q

Examples of Viral Infections

A
  • bloodborne=hepatitis B & C, HIV
  • Herpes virus
  • viral respiratory infections
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4
Q

Most common suppurative infection:

A

-staphylococcus aureus

all ages

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5
Q

Staphyloccocus Aureus affects:

A
  • lungs
  • heart
  • soft tissue
  • joints
  • bones
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6
Q

Leading cause of endocarditis

A

-staphylococcus aureus

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7
Q

Prevention of staphylococcus aureus

A

-hand washing/sanitizing

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8
Q

Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus

A
  • drainage

- antibiotics

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9
Q

Diseases caused by staphylococcal infections

A
  • Table 8-6, page 317
  • necrotizing fasciitis
  • cellulitis
  • myositis
  • pneumonia
  • MRSA (a form of staph)
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10
Q

Streptococcus causes:

A

-suppurative and non-suppurative infections

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11
Q

Most common bacterial pathogen to humans

A

-streptococcus

every age

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12
Q

Pseudomonas most commonly acquired in___

A

-hospitals, nursing homes

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13
Q

Pseudomonas can lead to:

A
  • pneumonia
  • wound infections
  • UTI
  • sepsis
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14
Q

Pseudomonas thrives in:

A

-moist environments

pools, whirlpools, respiratory equipment, liquid soap dispensers, hubbard tanks

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15
Q

Clostridial Myonecrosis

A
  • gangrene
  • 3 forms (dry, moist, gas)
  • opportunistic
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16
Q

People at risk for clostridial myonecrosis

A
  • following significant trauma (civilian or military)

- septic abortions

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17
Q

Prevention of clostridial myonecrosis

A
  • wound hygiene

- especially high risk pts

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18
Q

Pneumonia

A

-inflammatino of parenchyma of lungs

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19
Q

causes of Pneumonia

A
  • staphylococcus (bacteria)
  • streptococcus (bacteria)
  • viral infection
  • mycoplasma infection
  • inhalation of toxins
  • aspiration of food, fluid, vomitus
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20
Q

Most commonly encountered disease

A
  • pneumonia

- 10% of adult admissions and leading cause of death

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21
Q

Risk Factors for Pneumonia

A
  • smoking
  • influenza
  • sinusitis
  • chronic bronchitis
  • DM
  • uremia
  • dehydration
  • malnutrition
  • AIDs
  • confinement in medical setting
  • treatment with antineoplastic chemo or immunosuppressants
  • older age
  • young infants
  • bedridden/disabled ppl
  • periodontal disease
  • problems with swallowing
  • altered consciousness
  • problems with medicine taking
  • neuromuscular disease
  • surgery
  • tracheal intubation
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22
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

-bacterial pathogen that affects children and adults world wide (pneumonia)

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23
Q

Pneumonia Pathogenesis

A
  • endotoxins released by pathogens damage bronchial mucous and alveocapillary membranes
  • inflammation and edema fill terminal bronchioles
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24
Q

S/Sx of Pneumonia

A
  • sudden/sharp pleuritic pain agg by movement
  • hacking/productive cough
  • rust/green sputum
  • decreased chest excursion
  • cyanosis
  • headache
  • fatigue/fever/chills
  • generalized aches
  • myalgia of thighs/calf Mm
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25
Primary Prevention of Pneumonia
- standard precautions - vaccine (65+ yo, high risk groups) - early ambulation post-surgery - positioning to prevent aspiration
26
Pneumonia Treatment
- antibiotics - fluids - ventilatory support if needed
27
PT management of pneumonia
- pulmonary hygiene - deep breathing - coughing - therapeutic positioning - chest PT
28
clostridium difficile
-spore-forming bacteria
29
S/Sx clostridium difficile
- voluminous watery stools - dehydration - Later: reactive arthritis
30
Prevention of clostridium difficile
- sanitizer doesn't work - washing with soap and water only - resistant to many antibiotics
31
Hepatitis
-bloodborne virus that attacks liver
32
Hepatitis B leads to
- cardiac valve disease - jaundice - arthralgias - rash - dark urine - anorexia - nausea - painful abdominal bloating - fever - clay-colored stools -high risk for healthcare workers
33
Hepatitis C
- 80% develop chronic hepatitis | - 30% also develop cirrhosis
34
Herpes Virus
- 5 types | - HSV-1 through HSV-5
35
HSV-1 & HSV-2
-simplex causes lesions on mouth and genitals
36
HSV-3
-zoster associated with chicken pox and shingles
37
HSV-4
mononucleuosis (kissing disease)
38
HSV-5
- cytomegalovirus | - brain affected in utero
39
VZV
- varicella-zoster virus - primary: varicella--chickenpox - secondary: herpes zoster--shingles - persist in sensory nerve ganglia
40
Transmission of VZV
-droplets | within 3 feet of pt
41
Primary Varicella Zoster
- chickenpox | - skin rash of blister like lesions--body, face, scalp, trunk, fever
42
Spreading of Chickenpox
- coughing/sneezing - direct contact - aerosolization of virus from skin lesions
43
Secondary VZV
- shingles | - painful skin rash in dermatomal pattern
44
person can contract chicken pox from:
-someone with shingles | direct contact
45
Precautions of Primary VZV
- contact precautions | - airborne precautions
46
Precautions of Secondary VZV
-contact precautions
47
Influenza
-viral respiratory infection
48
Influenza contracted via:
-droplets
49
Incubation period of influenza
-1-5 days
50
S/Sx Influenza
- fever/chills - malaise - Muscular ache - substernal soreness - headache - nasal stuffiness - sore throat - occasional nausea
51
Influenza: vulnerable populations develop___
- acute sinusitis - otitis media - purulent bronchitis - pneumonia
52
S/Sx of infections of prosthetic/implants
-INCREASING joint pain
53
most common vector borne infectious disease in US
-lyme disease
54
latent symptoms of lyme disease
- skin rash - swelling - recurrent joint pain (knees most) - neurologic manifestations
55
S/Sx Lyme Disease
- BULLSEYE rash - NT, burning in arms legs - twitching/weakness/paralysis of face/arms/legs - sharp pain in arms/legs/neck/back - increased light sensitivity - memory/concentration/learning problems - speech problems - mood swings/depression - abnormal thought processes
56
Myobacterium Tuberculosis
- TB=an infective inflammatory systemic disease affecting the lungs and may involve other organs. - drug resistant strains present
57
TB method of transmission
- airborne | - spread of infectious nuclei through sneezing, laughing, speaking, singing, coughing
58
Risk Factors of TB
- older adults - HIV - low SES - over crowded populations - using injected drugs - kids under 5 - prison inmates - DM - end stage renal disease - immunocompromised
59
TB pathophysiolgy
- nuclei with bacteria become established in the lung with bacilli multiplying - epithelial cells proliferate and surround bacilli forming tubercles - residual lesions are sites for potential reactivation
60
S/Sx of TB
- productive cough >3 weeks - weight loss - night sweats - fever - fatigue - malaise - anorexia - rales - may involve brain ans spinal cord
61
Primary Prevention of TB
- cover mouth/nose - room ventilation (neg pressure) - prevent overcrowding - vaccine
62
Secondary Prevention of TB
- skin test followed by chest x-ray - anti-TB meds (7-9 months worth) - chemotherapy
63
Mycobacterium Leprae
- Leprosy | - primarily affects skin, peripheral nerves, eyes and mucosa of upper respiratory tract
64
Diagnosis of Leprosy
- skin lesion consistent with leprosy with definite sensory loss (w/ or w/o thickened nerves) - positive skin smears
65
S/Sx Leprosy
- skin lesions - lesions less pigmented or reddish/copper colored - macules/papules/nodules most common - sensory loss
66
Bacterial Meningitis
-mostly from streptococcus pneumoniae
67
Population at risk for bacterial meningitis
- very young - very old - people in close quarters
68
S/Sx Bacterial Meningitis
- fever - headache - stiff, painful neck - flexion of legs with neck flexion (brudzinski's sign) - seizures - vomiting - coma
69
Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis
-lumbar puncture
70
Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis
- antibiotics | - must be able to cross blood brain barrier

Medical Conditions II (34 decks)

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