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Medical Conditions II > Metabolic System > Flashcards

Metabolic System Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q

Metabolic System

A

-physical and chemical process transforming food into energy and elements for cellular rebuilding

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2
Q

Phases of Metabolism

A
  • anabolic

- catabolic

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3
Q

Metabolic system helps with maintaining

A
  • fluid and electrolyte balance
  • (and homeostasis)
  • -osmotic pressure
  • -acid-base balance
  • -Anion-cation balance
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4
Q

Metabolic Disorders

A
  • any problem in body that causes loss of metabolic control of the body’s steady state
  • most are inherited (autosomal recessive)
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5
Q

Ex. Metabolic Disorders

A
  • Paget’s Disease
  • Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Obesity
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6
Q

Paget’s Disease

A
  • bone cells increase in number, become larger and more active
  • Osteoblast defect
  • Bone turnover incr up to 40x and new bone is abnormal in shape/structure/weaker
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7
Q

Paget’s Disease S/Sx

A
  • headache
  • deep boring constant pain
  • CN VIII can be involved
  • hearing loss
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8
Q

Paget’s Disease Tx

A
  • PT (incr mm strength, pn control, low/no impact WB)
  • pharmacological (bisphosphonates)
  • Pain management (analgesics)
  • surgery
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9
Q

PKU

A
  • Phenylketonuria
  • genetic disease
  • phenylalanine builds up in circulation–>brain damage
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10
Q

genetic component of PKU

A
  • caused by mutations in the gene coding for phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme
  • phenylalanine builds up in blood
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11
Q

Newborn infants routinely screened for ______

A
  • PKU

- tested by blood tests

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12
Q

PKU S/Sx

A

-mousy odor

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13
Q

Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis

A

3 of 5 of below:

  • central obesity
  • HTN
  • High Triglycerides
  • low HDL
  • Insulin resistance
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14
Q

Metabolic Syndrome Management

A
  • decr sodium intake
  • diet
  • exercise
  • control HTN
  • weight loss
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15
Q

Waist-to-Hip Ratio

A

-waist circumference index to determine risk for metabolic syndrome

Male: >102 cm (ratio >0.8 = central obesity)
-Female: >88 cm (ratio >1.0 = central obesity)

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16
Q

____ causes increase risk for DM 2, Stroke, CAD

Study These Flashcards
A

Metabolic Syndrome

17
Q

Obesity

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A
  • weight greater than 20% of ideal weight for body structure and height
  • BMI >30
18
Q

Obesity Pathogenesis

Study These Flashcards
A

-neuroendocrine dysfunction cauesd by impairment of CNS function (genetic mutations/deletions) that disrupts normal food intake and body-weight control

19
Q

Ideal BMI

20
Q

Overweight BMI

21
Q

Obesity BMI

22
Q

Moderate Obesity BMI

23
Q

Morbid Obesity BMI

24
Q

Super Obesity BMI

25
2nd Most common preventable cause of death in the US
-inactivity + eating the wrong foods | smoking #1
26
Obese individuals have fewer :
- ATPase pumps | - use less energy & expend fewer callories
27
Theories of Obesity Causes
- fewer ATPase pumps - Adipose cell theory (higher # of fat cells) - some have more lipoprotein, lipase (assists fat depositions into fat cells - Microbial Theory - Viral Infection theory - Hormonal Dysfunctions - environmental
28
Microbial Theory
Flora in GI tract causing more things to be digested and utilized differently
29
Viral Infection Theory
virus linked to obesity
30
Hormonal Dysfunction
-HPA (hypothalamus pituitary axis) causing abnormal cortisol secretion causing abnormal metab of sugar
31
Obesity Clinical Manifestations
- excess body fat - SOB - atherosclerosis - HTN - cardiomyopathy - increased susceptibility to infection - fatigue - irritability - menstrual disorders/infertility - psychological disturbances - irritability - loneliness - depression - binge eating - tension
32
Risk Factors Associated with Increase Morbidity/Mortality in Obese Persons
- Coronary Artery Disease - DM 2 - Sleep Apnea - Osteoarthritis - Gallstones - Stress Incontinence - Cigarette Smoking - Age >45 (M); >55 (FM) - postmenopausal women - HTN - LDL >160 mg/dL - HDL
33
Obesity Assessment
- Physical exam - BMI - Skin fold measurements
34
Surgical Intervention for Obesity
- vertical banded gastroplasty - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass - Vagal nerve block
35
Vagal Nerve Block
- indicated for BMI 40+ with HTN, high cholesterol etc. | - reduces hunger and incr feelings of satiety
36
Potential Hazards of Exercise for the Obese Patient
- precipitation of angina or MI - excessive rise in BP - Aggravation of degenerative arthritis - Ligamentous injuries - Excessive Sweating - Skin disorders (chafing) - dehydration/decr blood volume - heat stroke/exhaustion
37
Pathology Continuum
Metabolic Syndrome-->Obesity-->DM

Medical Conditions II (34 decks)

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