EXAM 1: biosecurity

Question 1

biosecurity of pigs at the farm

Answer 1

set of practical measures taken to prevent entrance of infection into a pig farm and control the spread of infection within the farm

Question 2

goal of biosecurity

Answer 2

Keep out pathogens that the herd hasn’t been exposed to
minimize impact of endemic pathogens

Question 3

Biosecurity differs on

Answer 3

farm location
disease status
type of pig raised
employees
barn sanitation
rodent control
worker/visitor entry policy

Question 4

what 3 sets of actions/overlapping components make up biosecurity

Answer 4

bio-exclusion
bio-containment
bio-management

Question 5

bio-containment

Answer 5

preventing the spread of disease agents to neighbors or long distance transfer

Question 6

bio-exclusion

Answer 6

preventing the introduction of unwanted disease agents into the farm or system

AIAO
shower in, shower out
isolation for ~30d

Question 7

bio-management

Answer 7

a combined effort to control economically important infectious diseases that are already present in the farm population

minimal clinical disease status

Question 8

what section of biosecurity is most often forgotten about

Answer 8

bio-containment

Question 9

need for biosecurity

Answer 9

improves repro
optimal growth
improved profitability

Question 10

One of the main factors that increase the risk of a herd acquiring a new disease is often the _________ of the farm to other pigs

Answer 10

proximity

Question 11

factors influencing risk of a breakdown in biosecurity due to the location of the farm includes

Answer 11

pig farms nearby
local pig density
other possible sources of contamination
terrain
climate
roads
other livestock

Question 12

pig farms near by need to be at least _______ from other swine to minimize the risk of infection by aerosol/natural routes of transmission

Answer 12

2 miles

Question 13

local pig density definition

Answer 13

the average number of pigs per 0.4 sq mile within 3 mile radius of the farm

Question 14

Local pig density criteria that are considered low risk

Answer 14

less than 100 pigs per 0.4 sq miles

Question 15

Other possible sources of contamination include

Answer 15

slaughter facility
rubbish dump
manner of how the facility is managed
drainage
biosecurity procedures

Question 16

ideal terrain

Answer 16

hilly
protected from winds
=lower level of aerosol risk

Question 17

climate conditions and disease transmission

Answer 17

cold and humid= more favorable disease transmission
hot and dry= less desirable per disease

viruses like cold, wet, humid, dark

Question 18

what kind of road is a contamination risk

Answer 18

high density of vehicles transporting less than 55 yards from the herd

Question 19

potential problems with other livestock

Answer 19

Presence of cattle, sheep, or poultry less than 110 yards from swine facility can be a problem

Question 20

pigs can contract _____ and ______ diseases; and parasitic and fungal conditions

Answer 20

viral
bacterial

Question 21

how do swine diseases spread

Answer 21

through diseased swine/unaffected carriers/ healthy swine incubating

disease

new replacements

purchased semen

other farm animals/pest/wild animals

clothing of visitors/employees

employee/visitor who had direct contact with pig

dead animal carcass

contaminated feed/water/bedding

Question 22

transmission routes that pigs may be susceptible to

Answer 22

direct transmission
indirect transmission
vector-borne transmission

Question 23

direct transmission

Answer 23

most common transmission route

aerosal, fecal, venereal transmission

Question 24

indirect transmission

Answer 24

transfer of disease to pigs by exposure of infected objects

dirty objects (fomites)

examples: scale, feeder, trailer, clothing(ringworm)

Question 25

vector-borne transmission

Answer 25

transfer of disease to a pig by another animal or organism cat, fly, human, bird, rat etc.

Question 26

guidelines to buying replacement gilts and boars

Answer 26

know disease status or recipient and source herds consider the location and health history of source herd select replacements from single source that has documented genetic improvement and sound disease control single source, isolate new stock (30-60d)

Question 27

alternative to purchasing replacement animals is to utilize a ____________ policy

Answer 27

closed herd policy

Question 28

____________ is the easiest method to bring new genes into a sow herd

Answer 28

AI

Question 29

possible problem with boar semen

Answer 29

pathogens PRRS porcine circovirus

Question 30

steps to cleaning/disinfecting barns

Answer 30

1. remove 2. detergent 3. clean 4. dry 5. disinfect

Question 31

what is involved in the remove step

Answer 31

remove organic matter (bedding, feed residue) remove movable items (feeders,drinkers)

Question 32

what is involved in the detergent step

Answer 32

soak all surfaces with water and apply detergent (soap) under low pressure soak for at least 30 min

Question 33

what is involved in the clean step

Answer 33

pressure wash with hot (158) clean water

Question 34

what is involved in the dry step

Answer 34

allow 5-7 days to dry to reduce bacteria load 10 fold **often skipped

Question 35

what is involved in the disinfecting step

Answer 35

apply disinfectant at low pressure farm,barn dependent examples: bleach, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol

Question 36

water biosecurity

Answer 36

chlorinate if in doubt check source/cleanliness

Question 37

feed biosecurity

Answer 37

trucks should unload without contact with pigs driver=greatest risk of disease spread clean spilled feed check for mold

Question 38

bedding biosecurity

Answer 38

check for bird/rodent contamination

Question 39

biosecurity: workflow

Answer 39

start with youngest pig and work to the oldest wash hands after changing activities change out contaminated clothing boot bath between rooms

Question 40

biosecurity: dead pigs

Answer 40

must be disposed in a way that does not attract wild animals, insects, birds clean and disinfect areas where bodily fluids were excreted

Question 41

ways to dispose of dead pig

Answer 41

-composition -incineration - burial -rendering

Question 42

burial of dead pig

Answer 42

dig burial pit removes dead pigs from public view, prevents odor and flied can collect rain water and pollutants can get into soil and ground water

Question 43

rendering of dead pig

Answer 43

converts dead animals into useful biosecurity collection area needs to be away from farm rendering trucks are a serious biosecurity risk **not commonly used

Question 44

compositing of a dead pig

Answer 44

generates minimal odor, fly, or scavenger problems removes pig from public view low potential of pollution produces products that can improve soil

Question 45

incineration of dead pig

Answer 45

reduce carcass to ash biosecure large capital cost and fuel requirements

Question 46

what issues can rodents cause

Answer 46

Mice and rats can carry lots of diseases droppings, feet, urine, saliva, or blood large rodent population= large feed wastage

Question 47

what issues can predators/scavengers cause

Answer 47

Wild dogs, foxes, and coyotes carry disease agents

Question 48

What issues can feral pigs cause

Answer 48

feral pigs are free-roaming animals not help under domestic management highly mobile disease reservoirs one of the greatest risk to domesticate swine

Question 49

what issues can birds cause

Answer 49

can cause damage and unsanitary working conditions Consume and contaminate feed transmit diseases

Question 50

what issues can parasites cause

Answer 50

internal and external ex: fly and mosquito

Question 51

what issues can dogs and cats cause

Answer 51

dogs= lepto but often most risk is that they travel farm to farm cats= toxoplasma gondii which pigs can contract

Question 52

low risk visitor guidelines

Answer 52

number of visits a day: no other farm contact protective clothing: wears sanitized boots, clean overalls animal ownership:does not own/care for livestock contact with animals: no animal contact foreign travel: does not travel outside of the US

Question 53

medium risk visitor guidelines

Answer 53

number of visits a day: one or sometimes more farm visits per day protective clothing: wear sanitized boots. If clean, may not change overalls animal ownership: owns/cares for different species of animals contact with animals: minimal or no direct contact foreign travel: limited travel outside the US, no animal contact

Question 54

high risk visitor guidelines

Answer 54

number of visits a day: routine visits to many barns protective clothing: does not wear clean or protective clothing animal ownership: owns/cares for swine contact with animals: regular direct contact with swine foreign travel: travel to foreign countries with animal contact