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ASC 408G: Swine > EXAM 1: confinement production > Flashcards

EXAM 1: confinement production Flashcards

1
Q

what is the biggest biosecurity risk of a boar stud

A

itself
** if it goes down with a disease: semen sales go down, income goes to zero, no source of semen for clients

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2
Q

is boar semen stored/frozen

A

no; typically a 10d to 1 week shelf life

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3
Q

new boars must be __________

A

isolated for 30 to 60 days
away from all other swine
blood tested for PRRS (like flu through semen) and brucellosis

**have individual pens

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4
Q

most commercial boar stud house ______ to ____ boars, in individual pens

A

100, 200

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5
Q

how is semen collected from boar

A

artificial mounting dummy

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6
Q

what test are conducted on boar sperm

A

sperm motility
sperm morphology
sperm concentration
sperm numbers

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7
Q

most labor-intensive facility of swine industry

A

sow unit

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8
Q

static group

A

Group of sows in the same production phase, good for small groups of up to 40 sows/pen

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9
Q

gestation crates

A

common 20 years ago
not really used today
expensive

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10
Q

after weaning sows return to the breeding and gestation barn. Typically they are grouped in pens until returning to _________

A

estrus

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11
Q

how soon will sows return to esturs

A

5-7 days

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12
Q

how often are sows heat checked

A

2 times a day

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13
Q

how many sows are bred by AI

A

95%

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14
Q

dynamic group

A

group of 80-200 sows

every week sows enter and leave the group; thus, the animals are in different productive phases

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15
Q

group housing can result in ______________ among females

A

physical aggression

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16
Q

pros of sows being by themselves

A

prevents fighting
in gestation stall during the gestation period
provides individual supply and attention

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17
Q

group gestation pro/cons

A

group dynamics
feeding and individual sow observation is challenging

aggression (abortion, mummy, stillborn if exposed to aggression first 30d or last 2 weeks)

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18
Q

temp in breeding/gestation facility

A

heat stress MUST BE AVOIDED

60-68 degrees

first 30d and last 2wks

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19
Q

water in breeding/gestation facility

A

normally free choice
depends on feed intake, weight and climate
average 2.5 to 6 gallon of water a day

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20
Q

heavier the pig, the ________ water needed

A

more

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21
Q

feed intake in breeding/gestation facility

A

strictly controlled
hand feeding
mechanical drops
self feeder (rare)
computerized sow feeder

**fed for maintenance until certain point in pregnancy*

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22
Q

what is the most expensive building the in sow unit

A

farrowing facilities

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23
Q

most farrowing barns utilize crates to

A

reduce the number of pigs being crushed by the sow
better access to sow udder
allow for zone heating/cooling

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24
Q

at what day are pregnant sows moved to farrow area to be placed in pens/crates

A

~ day 109

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25
Q

what is done to sows prior to entering the farrow area

A

washed
dewormed (internal and external)

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26
Q

temp requirements for sow

A

60-65

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27
Q

temp requirements for baby pig for the first 3 days of life

A

85-90

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28
Q

weaning age

A

~21 days

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29
Q

what do facilities use to keep temp controlled

A

heat lamps
heat mats
snout cooler

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30
Q

nursery unit

A

facility or building designed specifically to house newly weaned pigs until they reach the finishing stage, around 50-60 pounds

temp:82-85 and should be reduced 2-4/week once pigs are eating

31
Q

T/F boars are already castrated when in nursey unit

A

true

32
Q

benefits of nursery for pigs

A

learn to socialize
learn to eat feed

33
Q

finishing units

A

can recieve pigs from the nursery unit (50-60lb) or newly weaned (wean to finish)

pigs stay until they reach slaughter weight

34
Q

goal of finishing unit

A

fast weight gain

35
Q

what unit is the lowest in biosecurity/easiest to manage

A

finishing unit

36
Q

are pigs grouped by size and sex in the finishing unit

A

YES

37
Q

Farrow- to- finish

A

producers breed sows, farrow them, and produce pigs to weaning

then, feed them to market weight

**long term commitment; 10 month cycle

38
Q

Farrow- to-nursery

A

two-phase production system where pigs change ownership for finishing

breeding, farrowing, selling nursery pigs to finishing operations when they hit 50-60 lb

39
Q

what is the most labor and expensive farm types

A

farrow to finish

40
Q

farrow to nursery compared to farrow to finish

A

farrow to nursery has a decreased need for:
facilities
operating capital
amount of feed/manure handled

requires a sow and nursery unit

41
Q

farrow to wean

A

subset to farrow to nursery pig

weaned pig producers maintain the breeding, gestation,farrowing, and lactation phases.

pigs are weaned at 14-22d and sold privately/contracted OR producers maintain ownership

** little feed cost

42
Q

wean to finish

A

one facility that houses pigs from weaning to market weight

reduced cleaning/disinfecting between group of pigs
reduced transportation stress (2.1 turns/yr)

slightly more expensive than traditional

43
Q

finishing

A

Producers that finish pigs buy or have a contract for feeder pigs

Feed out pigs to market weight

44
Q

finishing production is the ___________ management and labor phase in a swine operation

highest or lowest

A

lowest

45
Q

why is finishing farm plan the lowest in management and labor

A

mechanized feeder and manure management

low death

46
Q

why was confinment housing introduced

A

**Majority of pigs are raised in total or modified confinement

introduced to increase labor and animal performance

47
Q

when were confinement systems introduced and what animal were they for

A

1950
poultry

48
Q

specialized equipment/building is needed for pig confinement because they are indoors 24 hr.

Equipment includes:

A

slatted floors
automatic ventilation
liquid manure

49
Q

confinement housing challenges

A

expensive
negative social opinion
ventilation
liquid manure (stinks more)

50
Q

confinement housing benefits

A

low labor/unit of output

small land requirement

protection from elements

separated manure from pig (limits disease)

less parasite control

better feed and ADG

51
Q

The need for high returns on capital investments means most confinement operations on run on a ___________________

A

large scale at full capacity

500 or more sows
minimum of 2,000 to 5000 hogs in finishing operations

52
Q

examples of confinement barns

A

highly mechanized buildings or old barns

**long, low-lying metal buildings on concrete foundation

53
Q

confinement facilities emphasize a controlled environment to reduce temp and humidity fluctuations which helps limit ________ and ________

A

stress
disease

54
Q

Confinement facilities emphasize a controlled environment to reduce temp and humidity fluctuations which helps limit ________ and ________

A

stress
disease

55
Q

examples of temp regulators

A

fans
drip-system coolers
misters
automatic heaters

56
Q

T/F bedding is used in confinement barns

A

NO (in most)

57
Q

Pigs are homothermic, which means?

A

they need to maintain a constant core body temp around 102

58
Q

pigs function normally when they are in their _____________ zone

A

thermal-neutral

59
Q

What happens when the temp is below the thermal-neutral zone

A

increased food intake
huddle together
shiver

60
Q

What happens when the temp is above the thermal-neutral zone

A

reduced feed intake
drink more
panting

61
Q

at what temp does heat stress start to set in for pigs

A

~86

62
Q

farrow room temp regulators include

A

heat lamp
hot water floor heaters
heating pads/mats

63
Q

range of environmental temps over which heat produced by pigs remains constant

A

thermal neutral zone

64
Q

temp for boars, sows, finishing pigs

A

58-68

65
Q

temp for nursery pigs

A

68-82

66
Q

temp for newborn pigs

A

85-90

67
Q

most common type of ventilation in confinement facilities

A

mechanical

68
Q

purpose of ventilation systems

A

provides airflow/release of:
–toxic gasses(CO2, methane, ammonia)
– bioaerosol gasses(dust, mold, skin dander)

69
Q

does a heavier pig require higher or lower CFM than lighter

A

higher

70
Q

flooring/manure in confinement barns

A

“self-cleaning” slatted floors of non-abrasive/slip-resistant material (metal, concrete, plastic etc.)

71
Q

uses of water in confinement barns

A

watering animals (nipple waters or troughs)
cleaning facilities
cooling
removing manure

72
Q

water intake depends on

A

weight
temp
water wastage
feed intake

73
Q

All-In-All-Out (AIAO)

A

a system that keeps animals together in groups

closely matched in age, weight, condition, and production stage

the group stays the same once establish (no introductions)

can improve productivity and reduce cost/disease transmission

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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