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ASC 408G: Swine > EXAM 1: confinement production > Flashcards

EXAM 1: confinement production Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

what is the biggest biosecurity risk of a boar stud

A

itself
** if it goes down with a disease: semen sales go down, income goes to zero, no source of semen for clients

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2
Q

is boar semen stored/frozen

A

no; typically a 10d to 1 week shelf life

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3
Q

new boars must be __________

A

isolated for 30 to 60 days
away from all other swine
blood tested for PRRS (like flu through semen) and brucellosis

**have individual pens

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4
Q

most commercial boar stud house ______ to ____ boars, in individual pens

A

100, 200

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5
Q

how is semen collected from boar

A

artificial mounting dummy

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6
Q

what test are conducted on boar sperm

A

sperm motility
sperm morphology
sperm concentration
sperm numbers

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7
Q

most labor-intensive facility of swine industry

A

sow unit

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8
Q

static group

A

Group of sows in the same production phase, good for small groups of up to 40 sows/pen

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9
Q

gestation crates

A

common 20 years ago
not really used today
expensive

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10
Q

after weaning sows return to the breeding and gestation barn. Typically they are grouped in pens until returning to _________

A

estrus

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11
Q

how soon will sows return to esturs

A

5-7 days

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12
Q

how often are sows heat checked

A

2 times a day

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13
Q

how many sows are bred by AI

A

95%

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14
Q

dynamic group

A

group of 80-200 sows

every week sows enter and leave the group; thus, the animals are in different productive phases

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15
Q

group housing can result in ______________ among females

A

physical aggression

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16
Q

pros of sows being by themselves

A

prevents fighting
in gestation stall during the gestation period
provides individual supply and attention

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17
Q

group gestation pro/cons

A

group dynamics
feeding and individual sow observation is challenging

aggression (abortion, mummy, stillborn if exposed to aggression first 30d or last 2 weeks)

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18
Q

temp in breeding/gestation facility

A

heat stress MUST BE AVOIDED

60-68 degrees

first 30d and last 2wks

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19
Q

water in breeding/gestation facility

A

normally free choice
depends on feed intake, weight and climate
average 2.5 to 6 gallon of water a day

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20
Q

heavier the pig, the ________ water needed

A

more

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21
Q

feed intake in breeding/gestation facility

A

strictly controlled
hand feeding
mechanical drops
self feeder (rare)
computerized sow feeder

**fed for maintenance until certain point in pregnancy*

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22
Q

what is the most expensive building the in sow unit

A

farrowing facilities

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23
Q

most farrowing barns utilize crates to

A

reduce the number of pigs being crushed by the sow
better access to sow udder
allow for zone heating/cooling

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24
Q

at what day are pregnant sows moved to farrow area to be placed in pens/crates

A

~ day 109

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25
what is done to sows prior to entering the farrow area
washed dewormed (internal and external)
26
temp requirements for sow
60-65
27
temp requirements for baby pig for the first 3 days of life
85-90
28
weaning age
~21 days
29
what do facilities use to keep temp controlled
heat lamps heat mats snout cooler
30
nursery unit
facility or building designed specifically to house newly weaned pigs until they reach the finishing stage, around 50-60 pounds temp:82-85 and should be reduced 2-4/week once pigs are eating
31
T/F boars are already castrated when in nursey unit
true
32
benefits of nursery for pigs
learn to socialize learn to eat feed
33
finishing units
can recieve pigs from the nursery unit (50-60lb) or newly weaned (wean to finish) pigs stay until they reach slaughter weight
34
goal of finishing unit
fast weight gain
35
what unit is the lowest in biosecurity/easiest to manage
finishing unit
36
are pigs grouped by size and sex in the finishing unit
YES
37
Farrow- to- finish
producers breed sows, farrow them, and produce pigs to weaning then, feed them to market weight **long term commitment; 10 month cycle
38
Farrow- to-nursery
two-phase production system where pigs change ownership for finishing breeding, farrowing, selling nursery pigs to finishing operations when they hit 50-60 lb
39
what is the most labor and expensive farm types
farrow to finish
40
farrow to nursery compared to farrow to finish
farrow to nursery has a decreased need for: facilities operating capital amount of feed/manure handled requires a sow and nursery unit
41
farrow to wean
subset to farrow to nursery pig weaned pig producers maintain the breeding, gestation,farrowing, and lactation phases. pigs are weaned at 14-22d and sold privately/contracted OR producers maintain ownership ** little feed cost
42
wean to finish
one facility that houses pigs from weaning to market weight reduced cleaning/disinfecting between group of pigs reduced transportation stress (2.1 turns/yr) slightly more expensive than traditional
43
finishing
Producers that finish pigs buy or have a contract for feeder pigs Feed out pigs to market weight
44
finishing production is the ___________ management and labor phase in a swine operation highest or lowest
lowest
45
why is finishing farm plan the lowest in management and labor
mechanized feeder and manure management low death
46
why was confinment housing introduced
****Majority of pigs are raised in total or modified confinement introduced to increase labor and animal performance
47
when were confinement systems introduced and what animal were they for
1950 poultry
48
specialized equipment/building is needed for pig confinement because they are indoors 24 hr. Equipment includes:
slatted floors automatic ventilation liquid manure
49
confinement housing challenges
expensive negative social opinion ventilation liquid manure (stinks more)
50
confinement housing benefits
low labor/unit of output small land requirement protection from elements separated manure from pig (limits disease) less parasite control better feed and ADG
51
The need for high returns on capital investments means most confinement operations on run on a ___________________
large scale at full capacity 500 or more sows minimum of 2,000 to 5000 hogs in finishing operations
52
examples of confinement barns
highly mechanized buildings or old barns **long, low-lying metal buildings on concrete foundation
53
confinement facilities emphasize a controlled environment to reduce temp and humidity fluctuations which helps limit ________ and ________
stress disease
54
Confinement facilities emphasize a controlled environment to reduce temp and humidity fluctuations which helps limit ________ and ________
stress disease
55
examples of temp regulators
fans drip-system coolers misters automatic heaters
56
T/F bedding is used in confinement barns
NO (in most)
57
Pigs are homothermic, which means?
they need to maintain a constant core body temp around 102
58
pigs function normally when they are in their _____________ zone
thermal-neutral
59
What happens when the temp is below the thermal-neutral zone
increased food intake huddle together shiver
60
What happens when the temp is above the thermal-neutral zone
reduced feed intake drink more panting
61
at what temp does heat stress start to set in for pigs
~86
62
farrow room temp regulators include
heat lamp hot water floor heaters heating pads/mats
63
range of environmental temps over which heat produced by pigs remains constant
thermal neutral zone
64
temp for boars, sows, finishing pigs
58-68
65
temp for nursery pigs
68-82
66
temp for newborn pigs
85-90
67
most common type of ventilation in confinement facilities
mechanical
68
purpose of ventilation systems
provides airflow/release of: --toxic gasses(CO2, methane, ammonia) -- bioaerosol gasses(dust, mold, skin dander)
69
does a heavier pig require higher or lower CFM than lighter
higher
70
flooring/manure in confinement barns
"self-cleaning" slatted floors of non-abrasive/slip-resistant material (metal, concrete, plastic etc.)
71
uses of water in confinement barns
watering animals (nipple waters or troughs) cleaning facilities cooling removing manure
72
water intake depends on
weight temp water wastage feed intake
73
All-In-All-Out (AIAO)
a system that keeps animals together in groups closely matched in age, weight, condition, and production stage the group stays the same once establish (no introductions) can improve productivity and reduce cost/disease transmission

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

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