Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ASC 408G: Swine > EXAM 2: Breeding > Flashcards

EXAM 2: Breeding Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is critical to successful breeding

A

estrus detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how often are heat checks performed

A

2x a day ( after morning feed and afternoon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the conditions heat checks are performed under

A

in the presence of a mature boar

rub flanks and underline to stimulate sow for a standing response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_________ is defined as a period of sexual excitement and ovulation, during which a sow will accept the male and is capable of conceiving

A

estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

estrus to estrus is how many days

A

21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

length of estrus in mature sows compared to gilts

A

mature sows: ~55 hours
gilts: 40 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

two to three days before the onset of estrus, increasing estrogen levels from developing ovarian follicles stimulate increase ___________________ and _______________ in repro tract

A

blood flow
fluid retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the increase in blood flow before the onset of estrus causes what to happen to the vulva

A

swell
turn red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is red, swollen vulvas more common in gilts or sows

A

gilts

only seen in sows if parted to examine the interior

**sows in estrus raise tail and quiver when vulva is examined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

signs of estrus include

A

reddening/swelling of vulva
mucus discharge
riding
seeking of the boar
back pressure test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____________ may drip and hang from the vulva in response to increasing levels of estrogen

A

clear, sticky mucus

more sticky= closer to ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do we check if the mucus is indicating closer to ovulation

A

thumb test

sample smeared on thumb and pressed/stretched to determine stickiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gilts and sows coming into heat or going out of estrus often _________ pen mates when group-housed, even though themselves are not in heat

A

ride/mount

**volcalize and move= not in estrus
** stand still= in estrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

females that have been ridden can develop

A

rough hair
rub marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

signs of a female seeking the boar

A

in the presence of boar: pop ears, arch back, brace legs

sow makes effort

some will exhibit standing responses without direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sows in heat when under the back pressure test will

A

arch back
brace legs
immobile

females not in heat= run away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

__________________ represents one of the most critical factors affecting the reproductive performance of a sow herd

A

gilt development and management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reproductive performance and longevity are optimized when gilts are bred at approx. _______ pounds and near ___________ days of age and one their ________ estrus cycle

A

300 pounds
230 days
second or third

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

first service at a heavier initial weight increases _______________ to maintain body weight and may have a negative effect on ______________

A

feed cost
structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what happens on day 0 of gilt puberty

A

select gilts to keep based on genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what happens on day 120 of gilt puberty

A

gilts kept as replacements are switched to a replacement gilt diet

diet is higher in calcium & phosphorus
diet also has trace minerals and additional vitamin E and biotin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what happens on day 160 of gilt puberty

A

cull replacement gilts that dont meet physical attributes

cull gilts go to finishing

gilts kept start puberty induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happens on day 230 of gilt puberty

A

cull replacement gilts that failed to reach puberty and those with unacceptable physical attributes as market hogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does high calcium and phosphorus help with

A

bone mineralization
strucutre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
why do we add vitamin E and biotin to gilt diet
vit E= immune function biotin= hoof strength/development
26
on day 120 what happens to replacement gilts and market hogs
they are seperated
27
when does fertility and longevity problems occur in regard to the puberty timeline
breeding outside of target underweight or overweight gilts replacement gilts= more culling
28
behavior expression of estrus coincides with the occurrence of ovulation
puberty
29
the age of puberty is heritable up to ___% of the variation attributed to genetics
40%
30
T/F the start of puberty varies among breeds, herds, genetics
true
31
in swine the average age of puberty ranges from
190-230 days
32
is there a way to internally measure when a gilt has hit puberty
NO depend of weight and age
33
puberty induction in gilts can be managed starting at __________ weeks of age
24 wks (160-180 days)
34
during puberty induction, how are gilts housed
group housing of 10-12 gilts increased floor space ad lib access to feed and water
35
Examples of how we can induce puberty
boar exposure transportation stress outdoor housing group size photoperiod/lighting PG600
36
boar exposure
greatest impact/ MOST CRITICAL on age of puberty in gilts daily direct physical, fence line exposure minimum 10 min, no more than 30 min
37
transportation stress
combination with boar exposure is the most potent stimuli to bring prepubertal gilts into puberty including moving gilts, regrouping, relocating
38
outdoor housing
gilts indoor experience more silent estrus than outdoor raised gilts
39
group size
less than 3 or more than 50 can cause delayed estrus
40
photoperiod/lighting
outdoor fall born gilts mature in spring outdoor spring-born gilts mature in fall, pubertal age delayed 15 days wild, feral females reach peak repro activity in spring total darkness delays puberty need at least 10-18 hours of light
41
PG600
used to induce estrus in swine and contains combo of two hormones each dose contains hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and PMSG (preg mare serum gonadotropin) that mimic FSH and LH
42
what does PG600 stimulate
stimulates the follicle on the ovary to grow and produce estrogen
43
for PG600 to work effectively, what needs to occur
gilts must be near age and weight of natural puberty but not reached it females should be treated 2-3 weeks before expected onset of pubertal estrus provide 10 min of boar exposure breed on second or thrid estrus
44
why do we do estrus synchronization
better idea of farrowing better estimate of pig flow
45
synchronization of estrus in prepubertal gilts
possible by having gilts go through puberty induction together Boar exposure, transport stress and PG600 produce most synchronization
46
ability to precisely control the onset of estrus is called
synchronization
47
once females reach puberty and begin to exhibit estrous cycles, what two things can not be used
boar exposure and PG600
48
orally active, synthetic progesterone-like compound can be used for synchronizing estrus in mature sows and gilts
matrix
49
how long is matrix fed
14 days
50
matrix produced estrus on average ______ days after removal from the feed
4-9
51
T/F females can be at any stage of estrous cycle at the onset of feeding matrix
true
52
early estrous cycle and PG600
~2 days works with progesterone being produced by CL
53
mid estrous cycle and PG600
~13 days prevents resumption of follicular growth
54
late estrous cycle and PG600
~18-19 days halts follicular growth of Medium to large and ovulation
55
sync estrus in mature sows/gilts natural estrus
bred and abort (uncommon) between 15-40 days of gestation, inject 10-15mg lutalyse (PGF2-alpha)--> abortion withing 24 hours display estrus 4-8 days after abortion
56
synchronization of estrus in weaned sows
MOST COMMON mostly natural lactation inhibits the release of GnRH= low LH and FSH weaning stimulated the release of GnRH= LH and FSH released weaning groups of sows on the same day is an effective method of estrus sync
57
the single most important factor affecting the fertilization rate and overall success of AI
timing of insemenation
58
if the female is inseminated too early or too late, the result will be
poor litter size reduced farrowing rates
59
The most critical factor in AI is ensuring that insemination occurs with fertile semen 12 to 18 hours before
ovulation
60
when do you inseminate a gilt who is check once a day for estrus
1st= 0 hours 2nd= 24 hours
61
when do you inseminate a gilt who is check twice a day for estrus
1st= 12 hours 2nd= 24 hours
62
when do you inseminate a sow who is check once a day for estrus
1st= 0 hours 2nd= 24 hours
63
when do you inseminate a sow who is check twice a day for estrus
1st= 24 hours 2nd= 36 hours
64
insemination process
determine if female is in estrus clean vulva apply lub to AI rod insert AI rod
65
how do you insert AI rod
lube tip and angle rod upward rod should lock in cervix remove tip of semen bottle and insert end into rod semen starts to flow if properly stimulated
66
how to stimulate sow/gilt for insemenation
nose to nose with boar rub flanks, apply weight to back
67
how in semen taken in by the sow during AI
semen is not injected BUT is pulled into female by uterine contractions
68
without stimulation, what will occur
decreased conception rates longer to breed
69
types of AI rod
foam spirette
70
when using a spirette is it turned clockwise or counterclockwise
counterclockwise
71
once all semen is deposited, what happens
AI rod is removed and trashed female shouldn't move for 20-30 min

ASC 408G: Swine (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions