EXAM1: history of swine Flashcards by kate terrill

how many swine are in breeding stock

6.15 million

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how many swine are market hogs

67 million

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what does breeding stock consist of

sows
gilts
some boars

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what are market hogs

those that go to slaughter

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why did pig population decrease around 2013-2014

PEDV
(severe diarrhea disease that affected newborns= death)

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what is the number 1 top swine producing state

iowa

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what are the top 5 swine producing states

iowa
minnesota
north carolina
Illinois
indiana

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what ingredients are involved in swine diets

corn
soybean meal

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corn provides hogs with _______

energy

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soybean meal provides hogs with _________

protien

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why is Iowa the top hog producing state

they are the top producers for corn and soybean making it more profitable/convenient

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pork ranks ________ in U.S. consumption behind chicken and beef

third

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T/F worldwide pork is the most consumed meat

true

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what type of pork is the most consumed at HOME

ham

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what type of pork is consume at RESTAURANTS

bacon

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world per captia pork consumption is highest in what country

China (135 pounds/person)

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top 5 world per captia pork consumption countries are:

china
belarus
european union
south korea
vietnam

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where does the U.S rank in terms of world per captia pork consumption

8th (~51 pounds/person)

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what is the top pork producing country

china (37.58% of world)

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what are the top pork producing countries

china
european union
united states
brazil
russia

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pork prices follow a _______ pattern

seasonal

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breeding performance is better in

cooler months (fall and winter)

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more hogs reach market weight in

fall and winter

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when in market highest

summer (june, july, august)

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when is production lowest

summer (june, july, august)

when market is high, production is

LOW

when is market low

winter (october, november, december)

when market is low, production is

HIGH

top export markets include

china japan mexico canada south korea

what kind of pork does Japan prefer

high quality (berkshire)

what kind of meat does mexico normally recieve

ground pork

numbers/goals that producers are trying to reach are called

industry benchmarks

how many litters does a sow have a year

around 2

total born vs. number born alive

14 vs. 13

number of piglets weaned

average weaning weight

14 lbs

average weaning age

22 days

how long is a pigs gestation

114d (3m,3w,3d)

finisher hogs are also called

market hogs

average daily gain of finisher productivity

1.86

conventional finisher productivity houses pigs that are:

vaccinated sufficient just eating to gain weight

average finishing weight of market hogs

282lbs

nursery farm is what age of pigs

recently weaned to 60 days old

finishing weight at nursery farms

51 lbs

average daily gain of nursery pigs

.82

what do pigs learn to do in the nursery

social skills vaccinated how to act without mom

todays market pig live weight and carcass weight is around

live: 282 carcass: 211

most market hogs are what color, why?

white hair comes of easier

genus of pigs

sus

family classification for swine

suidae

what did some of the first pigs eat

acorns roots forages dead animals

pigs have been around for about

40 million years

where were pigs first domesticated

southeast asia 8500BC

significance of the Roman empire to swine

spread pigs around europe, asia, africa war pigs

early pig keepers were seen as ________

unclean; flies/odor/ forbidden in temples ***idea of why Hebrew/Muslim banned pork

significance of Columbus to pigs

1st to bring pigs to "americas" proved hogs could handle our temperatures

father of american pork industry

Hernando de Soto

significance of Cortez to swine

1st to bring pigs to north america mainland

significance of Soto

1st pigs to U.S 13 head to 700 head use pigs as way to trade with native americans

significance of Sir Walter Raleigh to swine

brought pigs to Jamestown (1807)

hog-ringer

placed ring in nose of swine like in cattle; prevented rooting

manhattan island wall that kept pigs corralled is now called

wall street

first packing plant in colonial America is/was in

Springfield, MA --sent salt to west indies -- in return we got rum and sugar to colonies

Swine flourished in early America as a result from

1. suitability of native maize or indian corn as swine food 2. ease with which pork could be stored prior to refrigeration 3. need for fat and high energy food for laborers engaged in developing the new frontier

by 1880 ________ became the leading pork producer

IOWA

_______________ became the earliest and largest pork-packing center in the U.S

Cincinnati

referred to as "Porkopolis" in 1850s

Cincinnati

refridgerated railcars allowed for pigs to be raised _________

closer to where grains were being grown instead of closer to shipping location

America's Hog butcher

Chicago

Between 1865-1907 the Union Stockyards in Chicago received _________________ hogs

241 million hogs; 6 million hogs a year

what centralized terminal marketing for hogs

world war 2

swine breeds were traditionally classified as two types:

1. lard 2. bacon

lard breeds description

also called cob rollers developed to be early maturing with a thick fat cover known for lacking prolifacy ex. hamp or berk

bacon breeds description

long, lean and muscular hogs fed dairy byproducts, grains, legumes, turnips slower to grow ex. yorkshire or tamworth

why was the need for lard so strong during WW2

it was used in manufacturing explosives (Nitroglycerine)

due to the demand of lard for those in the war, it lead those at home to use _________

vegetable oils - they were marketed as healthy leading to the lard market to tank

this product was developed in 1937 and was fed to allied troops

SPAM

1980/1990s demanded a ________ pig, causing the swine industry to find ways to increase ________ of pork

leaner leanness

purpose of the slogan "pork the other white meat"

encouraged consumers to look at pok like chicken, a healthy white meat

why were "exotic breeds" like the Pietrain important into the U.S

increase leanness in commercial lines

in 1980/1990 how did the swine market change

-sold on carcass merit or fat-free lean grid -moved indoors to confinement barns

what is the swine market/product like 2000s-today

raised indoors (animal activist groups) increased meat quality decreased imput cost control on disease spread (African swine fever) environmental stewards

EXAM1: history of swine Flashcards

(82 cards)