Exam #2 Chapter 8

Question 1

what are joints classified by?

Answer 1

structure or function

Question 2

what are the structures that joints can be classified as? (4)

Answer 2

1) bony
2) fibrous
3) cartilaginous
4) synovial

Question 3

what are the functions that joints can be classified as? (3)

Answer 3

1) synarthrosis (immovable)
2) ampihiarthrosis (slightly movable)
30 diarthrosis (freely movable)

Question 4

what are the characteristics of fibrous joints? (2)

Answer 4

1) have dense connective tissue connecting the bones

2) either ampharthrosis or synarthrosis

Question 5

where does a synostosis occur?

Answer 5

in bones that have fused and is synarthrosis

Question 6

what does a suture have?

Answer 6

short fibers connecting interlocked skull bones and is synarthrosis

Question 7

what does fiber size mean for mobility?

Answer 7

short fibers create no movement whereas long fibers create movement

Question 8

what does fibrous joints lack?

Answer 8

a joint cavity

Question 9

what is the tissue between suture bones?

Answer 9

dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Question 10

what is a fotanel?

Answer 10

what a newborn has where some of the sutures have a membranous area. they make the skull flexible during the birth process and allow for growth of the head after birth.

Question 11

what are three types of fibrous joints?

Answer 11

1) sutures
2) syndesmoses
3) gomphoses

Question 12

what does a syndesmosis have?

Answer 12

long fibers connecting two bones and is amphiarthrosis

Question 13

what is an example of a syndesmoses?

Answer 13

it binds the radius and ulna together

Question 14

what is gomphmoses?

Answer 14

the fibrous connection between teeth and their bony sockets. It is amphiarthrosis

Question 15

what is cartilaginous joints?

Answer 15

they have cartilage connecting the bones and are amphiarthrosis or synarthrosis

Question 16

what do cartilaginous joints that are sychrondrosis have connecting them and what type of movement do they have?

Answer 16

hyaline cartilage and they are synarthrosis

Question 17

what do cartilaginous joints that are a symphysis have between them and what type of movement do they have?

Answer 17

fibrocartilage and is amphiarthrosis

Question 18

what do synovial joints have and what type of movement do they have?

Answer 18

they have a synovial cavity between the bones and area diarthrosis

Question 19

what are synovial joints surrounded by?

Answer 19

a join capsule

Question 20

what is the joint capsule composed of?

Answer 20

an out layer of dense irregular connective tissue and an inner synovial membrane

Question 21

what often occurs in the capsule?

Answer 21

dense regular tissue as a ligament

Question 22

what do some synovial joints have?

Answer 22

an articular disk or meniscus of fibrocartilage between articulating bones

Question 23

what do synovial joints often have around the joint?

Answer 23

fat pads

Question 24

what is an example of an articular joint?

Answer 24

TMJ

Question 25

what part of the body has fat pads?

Answer 25

the knee

Question 26

what are bursa?

Answer 26

sacs of synovial membrane with synovial fluid

Question 27

where are bursa found?

Answer 27

in some joints

Question 28

what is the purpose of bursa?

Answer 28

to reduce friction between structures in the joint

Question 29

what does synovial fluid do? (3) (RAN)

Answer 29

1) reduces friction 2) absorbs shocks 3) nourishes the articular cartilage

Question 30

what are tendon sheaths?

Answer 30

brusa that surround a tendon near a joint

Question 31

what determines the movement of a synovial joint?

Answer 31

the structure

Question 32

what can the movements of a joint be?

Answer 32

uniaxial (one axis), biaxial (2 axis) or multiaxial or triaxial (two plus rotation)

Question 33

what are plane (gliding) joints usually?

Answer 33

unilaxial

Question 34

what do plane (gliding) joints permit?

Answer 34

limited gliding motion

Question 35

what is an example of a plane (gliding) joint?

Answer 35

the articular processes between vertebrae

Question 36

what are saddle joint and what do they have?

Answer 36

they are biaxial and they have a saddle on a saddle

Question 37

what is an example of a saddle joint?

Answer 37

the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 38

what do hinge joints produce?

Answer 38

angular movement like a hinge and are uniaxial.

Question 39

what is an example of a hinge joint?

Answer 39

the elbow and knee joints

Question 40

what are pivot joints and what do they have?

Answer 40

they are uniaxial and they have limited rotation on an axis

Question 41

what is an example of a pivot joint?

Answer 41

the articulation between the dens, a process on the axis and the atlas.

Question 42

what does a ball and socket joint have and what are they?

Answer 42

they have a ball in a socket and are multiaxial

Question 43

what are example of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 43

the shoulder and hip joints

Question 44

what does a ellipsoid joint have and what are they?

Answer 44

they have an oval surface in an oval depression and are biaxial

Question 45

what is an example of a ellipsoid joint?

Answer 45

the atlantooccipital join of the neck