Exam #2 chapter 8 part 2 and extras

Question 1

what is a joint’s range of motion (stability/strength) determined by? (4) (ASAA)

Answer 1

1) the amount and shape of the articulating bones, cartilages and fat pads
2) strength and location of tendons, ligaments and muscles that cross a joint
3) amount of fluid in/around a joint and pain in a joint
4) amount of use/disuse of a joint

Question 2

where is the talocural joint located?

Answer 2

between the tibia, fibula and talus

Question 3

how are types of movement at joint presented?

Answer 3

from the anatomical position, usually in pairs

Question 4

when the palms turn to face anterior

Answer 4

supination

Question 5

what 5 ligaments stabalize the coxal joint? (IPITL)

Answer 5

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral
4) transverse acetabular
5) ligament of the head of the femur

Question 6

what is the structure of the knee? (2) (CP)

Answer 6

1) the condyles of the femur roll across the tibial condylar surface
2) the patella glides across the anterior surface of the femur

Question 7

what is the ankle stabalized by?

Answer 7

the articulating bones and ligaments

Question 8

what type of joint is the ankle (talocural) joint?

Answer 8

a hinge joint

Question 9

what does the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint have?

Answer 9

great range of motion and is triaxial

Question 10

when calcium levels are high is osteoblasts activated or deactivated?

Answer 10

activated

Question 11

what is an example of a joint that has hyaline cartilage?

Answer 11

intercarpal joints

Question 12

moves the toes superiorly which is flexion of the ankle

Answer 12

dorsiflexion

Question 13

what type of movement is the special movement elevation?

Answer 13

a superior movement

Question 14

what role does the lateral and medial menisci play for the femur and tibia? ((3) (ACP)

Answer 14

1) act as cushions
2) conform as the articulating surgaces change
3) provide lateral stability

Question 15

extension past the anatomical position

Answer 15

hyperextension

Question 16

where is the acetabulum on the coxal joint?

Answer 16

deep and enlarged somewhat by the acetabular labrum

Question 17

what is the structure of the articular capsule on the coxal joint?

Answer 17

it’s strong and encloses the head and neck of the femur

Question 18

what is a synostosis?

Answer 18

when a suture becomes fully ossified. results when 2 bones grow together across a joint to form a single bone

Question 19

moves the toes inferiorly which is extension of the ankle

Answer 19

plantar flexion

Question 20

moves the end of an appendage in a circle

Answer 20

circumduction

Question 21

what type of movement is protraction?

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

when the palms turn to face posterior

Answer 22

pronation

Question 23

what is the inferior compartment of TMJ?

Answer 23

a hing joint (depression and elevation)

Question 24

which tendons and muscles are the glenohumeral joint primarily stabalized by?

Answer 24

the tendons and muscles comprising the rotator cuff

Question 25

what is the shoulder joint primarily stabalized by?

Answer 25

muscles that move the humerus

Question 26

movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle between articulating elements

Answer 26

flexion

Question 27

what type of movement is reposition?

Answer 27

moving the thumb toward the finger back

Question 28

what occurs during lateral rotation?

Answer 28

the anterior surface of a limb rotates away from the longitudinal axis of the body

Question 29

movement away from the axis of the body or fingers or toes from the midline of the frontal plane

Answer 29

abduction

Question 30

what type of bone cells acts to concentrate calcium and phosphate ions leading to formation of hydroxyapatite?

Answer 30

osteoblasts

Question 31

what type of stability and structure does the coxal joint have?

Answer 31

considerable stability and triaxial

Question 32

what separates the lateral and medial menisci?

Answer 32

the femur and tibia

Question 33

what is the active range of motion?

Answer 33

the amount of movement that can be accomplished by the contracting muscles

Question 34

what is the elbow stabalized by?

Answer 34

1) thick articular capsule | 2) radial, collateral, annular and ulanar collateral ligaments

Question 35

what type of joint is the elbow (cubital)?

Answer 35

a complex hinge joint

Question 36

what movement increases or decreases the angle between bones at the joint?

Answer 36

angular movements

Question 37

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 37

a ball and socket joint

Question 38

what does the ligaments that hold the bones in place of the foot do?

Answer 38

makes the foot a flexible support

Question 39

what type of movement is lateral excursion?

Answer 39

it moves the mandible right or left

Question 40

what can occur between a flat or curved bone surface?

Answer 40

limited gliding

Question 41

what do the ligaments of the foot that hold the foot bones in place provide?

Answer 41

the arches of the foot

Question 42

which joints have a joint cavity?

Answer 42

synovial

Question 43

what 7 major ligaments stabalize the knee? (6) (QPPPAM)

Answer 43

1) quadriceps tendon 2) patellar ligament 3) patellar retinanculae 4) 2 popliteal ligaments 5) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments 6) medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments

Question 44

which tendons and muscles comprise the rotator cuff?

Answer 44

1) supraspinatus 2) infraspinatus 3) subscapularis 4) teres minor

Question 45

lateral bending of the vertebral column

Answer 45

lateral flexion

Question 46

how is the glenohumeral joint structured as a ball and socket joint?

Answer 46

the head of the humerus in the shallow glenoid cavity of the scapula enlarged slightly by the glenoid labrum

Question 47

what dos the cubital joint involve?

Answer 47

humerus, radius and ulna

Question 48

what 4 ligaments is the glenohumeral joint somewhat stabalized by?

Answer 48

1) glenohumeral 2) coracohumeral 3) transverse humeral 4) coracoacromial

Question 49

what is the joint between vertebrae?

Answer 49

symphysis

Question 50

where do rotational movements occur?

Answer 50

around a bone's longitudinal axis and are limited

Question 51

what limits the range of motion in the cubital joint?

Answer 51

the olecranon and trochlea notch

Question 52

what type of movement is retraction?

Answer 52

posterior

Question 53

what may the head do during rotational movements?

Answer 53

rotate left or right on the longitudinal axis

Question 54

how is the radius involved with the cubital joint?

Answer 54

the head of the radius moves on the capitilum

Question 55

what surround the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 55

a loose articular capsule

Question 56

what does the joint capsule of a synovial joint consist of?

Answer 56

an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane

Question 57

what are the foot bones held in place by?

Answer 57

ligaments

Question 58

what type of movement is opposition?

Answer 58

move the thumb toward the finger

Question 59

what type of movement is eversion?

Answer 59

moves the sole of the root outward.

Question 60

what type of growth occurs beneath the pereosteum?

Answer 60

growth in width

Question 61

what occurs during medial rotation?

Answer 61

the anterior surface of a limb rotates toward the longitudinal axis of the body

Question 62

movement toward the axis of the body or fingers or toes from the midline in the frontal plane

Answer 62

adduction

Question 63

what is the most complex joint?

Answer 63

the knee

Question 64

what type of movement is the special movement depression?

Answer 64

inferior movement

Question 65

what type of movement is medial excursion?

Answer 65

It moves the mandible midline

Question 66

what type of joint is the knee?

Answer 66

a modified hinge joint

Question 67

what type of movement is inversion?

Answer 67

move the sole of the foot inward

Question 68

what is the superior compartment of the TMJ?

Answer 68

a gliding joint (protraction and retraction and lateral and medial excursion)

Question 69

what is passive range of motion?

Answer 69

the amount of movement that can be acccomplished by outside forces

Question 70

what does TMJ have?

Answer 70

an articular disc dividing the synovial cavity

Question 71

movement in the sagittal plane that increases the angle between articulating surfaces

Answer 71

extension

Question 72

how is the ulna and the humerus involved with the cubital joint?

Answer 72

the trochlea of the humerus rotates in the trochlear notch of the ulna

Question 73

what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Answer 73

a hingle/ellipsoid and plane joint

Question 74

what is scurvy?

Answer 74

a disease resulting from Vitamin C deficiency

Question 75

what type of joint is the hip (coxal) joint?

Answer 75

a ball and socket joint