review questions exam 1

Question 1

what organs are found in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

Spleen, pancreas and kidneys

Question 2

what organs are found in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 2

urinary bladder and part of the large intestine

Question 3

what organ system stores minerals?

Answer 3

the skeletal system

Question 4

in negative feedback what produces the response necessary to change the value of the variable?

Answer 4

the effectors

Question 5

what is the job of the control center?

Answer 5

1) receive and process information
2) establish the setpoint
3) control effectors

Question 6

where does a longitudinal section cut through?

Answer 6

the long axis

Question 7

what is the posterior area between the hip bones called?

Answer 7

sacral

Question 8

what is an example of an anterior position to the sternum?

Answer 8

the heart

Question 9

what is a mesentary?

Answer 9

when two layer of peritoneum fuse together

Question 10

what is the difference between sternal and pectoral?

Answer 10

pectoral is the whole chest and sternum is the middle of the thorax overlying the sternum

Question 11

what cardinal sign of inflammation does vasodialation cause?

Answer 11

redness and heat

Question 12

what cardinal sign of inflammation does permeability of blood vessels cause?

Answer 12

edema and pain

Question 13

what is the function of the serous membrane?

Answer 13

to reduce and protect internal organs from friction

Question 14

what does areolar tissue provide for the body?

Answer 14

an arena for immune defense

Question 15

what does adipose tissue provide for the body??

Answer 15

contains lipids for energy storage

Question 16

how do you tell if epithelia contains keratin or not?

Answer 16

keratanized epithelium will not have nuclei present in the apical cells

Question 17

where can you find simple tubular exocrine glands

Answer 17

in the stomach and colon

Question 18

where can you find simple branched tubular exocrine glands?

Answer 18

in the lower portion of the stomach

Question 19

where can you find simple coiled tubular exocrine glands?

Answer 19

lower portion of the stomach and small intestine

Question 20

where can you find simple acinar exocrine glands?

Answer 20

in the sebaceous glands of the skin

Question 21

where can you find simple branched acinar exocrine glands?

Answer 21

in the sebaceous glands of the skin

Question 22

where can you find compound tubular exocrine glands?

Answer 22

mucous glands of the duodenum

Question 23

where can you find compound acinar exocrine glands?

Answer 23

in the mammary glands

Question 24

where can you find compound tubuloacinarar glands?

Answer 24

in the pancreas

Question 25

what is merocrine secretion used by?

Answer 25

the exocrine portion of the pancreas and the water-producing sweat glands

Question 26

what is apocrine secretion used by?

Answer 26

milk-producing mammary glands

Question 27

what is holocrine secretion used by?

Answer 27

the sebaceous (oil) glands of the skin

Question 28

what does the mucous membrane consist of?

Answer 28

epithelial cells, a basement membrane and a lamina propria

Question 29

what does the serous membrane consist of?

Answer 29

mesothelium, a basement membrane and loose connective tissue

Question 30

what does the synovial membrane consist of?

Answer 30

only connective tissue

Question 31

what type of glands are stable glands

Answer 31

endocrine

Question 32

what type of glands are permanent glands?

Answer 32

neurons

Question 33

what are 3 components for extracellular matrix?

Answer 33

protein fibers, fluid and ground substance

Question 34

what is a characteristic of cartilage?

Answer 34

it has a perichondrium

Question 35

what does type 1 collagen include?

Answer 35

tendons, ligaments, skin and bone

Question 36

what is the most abundant collagen type in the body?

Answer 36

Type 1

Question 37

What does type 2 collagen include?

Answer 37

cartilage

Question 38

what does type 3 collagen include?

Answer 38

reticular fibers

Question 39

what is the most abundant adipose tissue in the body?

Answer 39

yellow

Question 40

where is brown adipose found?

Answer 40

in the axillae (arm pits), the neck and near the kidneys

Question 41

what type of tissue is capable of continous regeneration?

Answer 41

epithelial

Question 42

what is the serous membrane layer composed of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 42

mesothelium

Question 43

what is an example of labile cells?

Answer 43

adult stem cells

Question 44

what is an example of stable cells?

Answer 44

endocrine glands

Question 45

what is an example of permanent cells?

Answer 45

neurons

Question 46

what is true of the stratum basale that isn't of other layers? (3) (BHM)

Answer 46

1) bound to the basement membrane by hemidesmesomes 2) highest rate of mitotic division 3) melanin is produced only in this layer

Question 47

which layer of the epidermis is a transparent layer of dead cells only present in thick skin?

Answer 47

stratum lucidum

Question 48

order of hair growth (4) MHHH

Answer 48

1) matrix cells differentiate, become keratinized and die 2) the hair grows longer as cells are added at the base of the hair root 3) hair growth stops 4) the hair follicle shortens and holds the hair in place

Question 49

where are touch receptors not located?

Answer 49

within the hair of the dermis and epidermis

Question 50

if someone has really low vitamin D levels what would you expect to find?

Answer 50

1) a lower than normal concentration of calcium and phosphate in the blood 2) a higher than normal concentration of calcium in the urine

Question 51

why does skin appeared flushed after excercising? (2) (AB)

Answer 51

1) arterioles of dermis become dilated increasing blood flow to the skin and enhancing the flush 2) blood flow to the dermis increases to remove excess heat from the core

Question 52

if the epidermis is damaged what structure can be a source for a new epithelium?

Answer 52

hair follicles

Question 53

what occurs deeper in the hair follice?

Answer 53

the number of cells decrease until, at the hair bulb, only the stratum basale is present.

Question 54

what does the decrease in number of cells deep in the hair follicle mean for repair?

Answer 54

if the epidermis and superficial part of the dermis are damaged, the keratinocyte stem cells located in the stratum basale of the undamaged part of the hair follice can be a source of a new epithelium

Question 55

name 3 ways to cut an organ

Answer 55

1) Longitudinal section (cut through the length of an organ) 2) transverse (cross) section (a cut at a right angle to the length of an organ) 3) oblique section (a cut made at the length of an organ other than a right angle)

Question 56

is vitiligo an effect of UV radiation?

Answer 56

no

Question 57

where does nail production occur?

Answer 57

in the root

Question 58

in an extensive wound what divides?

Answer 58

fibroblasts

Question 59

when fibroblast divide in an extensive wound what occurs?

Answer 59

they produce mobile cells that invade the deeper areas of the injury

Question 60

what type of cells do tactile cells include?

Answer 60

merkel and cells associated with nervous system function

Question 61

what layer of skin is made into leather products after removal of more superficial and deeper tissues?

Answer 61

the dermal layer

Question 62

which layer of the dermis aids in regulation of body temperature?

Answer 62

the papillary layer

Question 63

which layer of the dermis forms cleavage lines?

Answer 63

reticular layer

Question 64

what are delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development called?

Answer 64

lanugo hairs

Question 65

what area does hair growth occur?

Answer 65

in the hair bulb

Question 66

are holocrine glands sebaceous or sweat gland?

Answer 66

sebaceous

Question 67

which of the layers of the epidermis are new cells formed by mitosis?

Answer 67

stratum basale

Question 68

which of the strata have dead cells?

Answer 68

stratum corneum and stratum lucidum

Question 69

which strata have live cells?

Answer 69

stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale

Question 70

where are the lungs found

Answer 70

in the thoracic cavity

Question 71

why is positive feedback helpful in blood clotting but unsuitable for regulation of body temperature?

Answer 71

it makes something happen fast, but it does not maintain constant conditions

Question 72

damage to which feedback mechanism will render it unable to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 72

damage to any one of the three components will render it unable to maintain homeostasis

Question 73

what is the best description of microvilli?

Answer 73

it's non motile (non moving) containing microfillaments

Question 74

what does brown adipose tissue produce?

Answer 74

heat through oxadative metabolism

Question 75

what is the mesothelium?

Answer 75

a membrane that lines a body cavity or covers the external surface of the viscera

Question 76

what is an endothelium?

Answer 76

the inner lining of the cardiovascular system

Question 77

what is the difference between desmesomes and hemidesmesomes?

Answer 77

desmosomes link 2 cells together and hemidesmosomes link 1 cell to the extracellular matrix

Question 78

what do messentaries provide for the organs?

Answer 78

a pathway for nerves and blood vessels to reach organs

Question 79

what are retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 79

organs closely attached to the body wall that don't have messenteries

Question 80

what organs are considered retroperitoneal?

Answer 80

kidneys, the adrenal glands, the pancreas, parts of the intestines and the urinary bladder