Exam #4 chapter 13 part 2

Question 1

what do many of the cranial reflexes control? (4) (HBRPRC)

Answer 1

1) heart rate
2) blood pressure
3) respiration
4) pupil diameter
5) reflexive movements to a variety of stimuli
6) chewing

Question 2

where is the falx cerebri located?

Answer 2

it lies in the longitudinal fissure

Question 3

what is the outer layer, the periosteum of the cranial bones called?

Answer 3

the periosteal dura

Question 4

what does CSF consist of?

Answer 4

ependymal cells surrounding capillaries with tight junctions between the endothilial cells

Question 5

what does the vagus nerve (X) bear?

Answer 5

parasympthetic commands to the thoracic and abdominal cavity organs

Question 6

what do all these inputs that supply blood to the brain form?

Answer 6

the cerebral arterial circle

Question 7

what are the cranial arachnoid and pia mater similar to?

Answer 7

the spinal meninges

Question 8

what ar the 3 layers of the meningeal dura mater? (FTF)

Answer 8

1) falx cerebri
2) tentorium cerebelli
3) falx cerebelli

Question 9

where is the falx cerebelli located?

Answer 9

between the cerebellar hemispheres

Question 10

what does the cranial dura mater in the cranial meninges consist of?

Answer 10

2 layers

Question 11

what do ependymal cells do?

Answer 11

transport sodium into the ventricles and water follows by osmosis

Question 12

what branches from the cerebral arterial circle?

Answer 12

3 pair of cerebral arteries

Question 13

what is integrated in the brain?

Answer 13

cranial reflexes

Question 14

what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) carry?

Answer 14

parasympathetic commands to the parotid salivary glands

Question 15

what does the accessory nerve (XI) do?

Answer 15

sends axons to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Question 16

what nerves are somatic motor and parasympathetic?

Answer 16

oculomotor (III)

Question 17

what does the vagus nerve (X) innervate?

Answer 17

muscles of the soft palate, pharynx and larynx

Question 18

what does the trochlear (IV) nerve control?

Answer 18

1 extrinsic eye muscle

Question 19

what do projection of the arachnoid mater into the dural venous sinuses form?

Answer 19

arachnoid granulations for returning CSF to the blood stream

Question 20

what is CSF produced by?

Answer 20

a choroid plexus in each ventricle

Question 21

what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) send?

Answer 21

sensory information from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and from the carotid artery receptors to the brain

Question 22

where does CSF flow from?

Answer 22

the lateral ventricles to the fourth ventricle from which CSF can enter the subarachnoid space

Question 23

what does the meningeal dura mater form?

Answer 23

3 dural folds

Question 24

what does the abducens nerve (VI) control?

Answer 24

1 extrinsic eye muscle

Question 25

what does the facial nerve (VII) control?

Answer 25

muscles of facial expression

Question 26

what does the facial nerve (VII) convey?

Answer 26

parasympathetic commands to salivary glands and the lacrimal glands

Question 27

which nerve is sensory and somatic motor?

Answer 27

trigeminal (V)

Question 28

which nerves are sensory and somatic motor and parasympthatic?

Answer 28

facial nerve (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)

Question 29

what does branches of the basilar and vertebral arteries supply?

Answer 29

the remainder of the brain

Question 30

where do the dural venous sinuses occur?

Answer 30

between the 2 layers of the dura mater

Question 31

what can cranial nerves be? (5)

Answer 31

1) sensory 2) somatic motor 3) somatic motor and sensory 4) somatic motor and parasympathetic 5) sensory, somatic motor and parasympathetic

Question 32

what do the 2 vertebral arteries that supply blood to the brain unite to form?

Answer 32

the basilar artery

Question 33

how must material enter the brain?

Answer 33

they must move across the endothilial cells

Question 34

where does the dural venous sinuses of the brain drain into?

Answer 34

the internal jugular veins

Question 35

what does the vagus nerve (X) carry?

Answer 35

sensory information from the base of the tongue, larynx, pharynx, receptors in the aortic arch and organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 36

what does the meningeal dura mater form 3 folds for?

Answer 36

to better support and anchor the brain in the cranium

Question 37

what supplies blood to the brain?

Answer 37

4 arteries

Question 38

what does the CSF do?

Answer 38

supports and protects the brain

Question 39

what material diffuse out of the capillaries of the brain?

Answer 39

gases

Question 40

what do the inputs form the cerebral arterial circle for?

Answer 40

to insure a constant and plentiful blood flow to the brain

Question 41

what do the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries branch from the cerebral arterial circle for?

Answer 41

to supply the cerebrum

Question 42

what is the meningeal dura continuous with?

Answer 42

the spinal dura mater

Question 43

what do the ependymal cells surrounding capillaries with tight junctions between endothilial cells form?

Answer 43

a blood-CSF barrier

Question 44

what does the glassopharyngeal (IX) innervate?

Answer 44

one muscle in the pharynx

Question 45

what does the brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes form?

Answer 45

the blood-brain barrier

Question 46

which nerve is a somatic motor?

Answer 46

trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI), accessory (XI) and hypoglossal (XII)

Question 47

what does the trigeminal nerve (V) supply?

Answer 47

innervation to several muscles (mastication)

Question 48

what does oculomotor nerve control?

Answer 48

4 extrinsic eye muscles and the smooth muscle in the eye

Question 49

what does the trigeminal nerve (V) carry?

Answer 49

cutaneous sensory information from much of the head

Question 50

what does the sensory nerves, olfactory (I) and Optic (II) control?

Answer 50

smell and vision

Question 51

what does the hypoglossal (XII) do?

Answer 51

sends commands to tongue and hyoid muscles

Question 52

what does the vestibulochlear (VIII) control?

Answer 52

hearing and balance

Question 53

where is the tentorium cerebelli located?

Answer 53

in the transverse fissure

Question 54

what are the 4 arteries that supply blood to the brain?

Answer 54

2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

Question 55

what do cranial nerves carry?

Answer 55

sensory information and motor commands from the brain

Question 56

what does the brain capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier for?

Answer 56

to regulate the movement of material from the blood into the brain

Question 57

what is the outer layer of the cranial bones?

Answer 57

the periosteum

Question 58

what are the ventricles continuous with?

Answer 58

each other, the central canal and the subarachnoid space around the brain

Question 59

what do many cranial reflexes involve?

Answer 59

cranial nerves

Question 60

which nerves are sensory?

Answer 60

olfactory (I) and optic (II) and vestibuloochlear (VIII)

Question 61

what are the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 61

veins that drain the brain

Question 62

what does the facial nerve (VII) carry?

Answer 62

taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 63

what are the ventricles filled with?

Answer 63

CSF

Question 64

what does the brain require?

Answer 64

large and uninterrupted blood supply for glucose and oxygen

Question 65

what does branches of the trigeminal nerve (V) supply?

Answer 65

the aleveolar tissues and teeth