Exam #4 extras Flashcards
(73 cards)
which pathways allow different parts of the nervous system to affect the activity of a neuron and when several neurons synapse with a smaller number of neurons?
convergent pathway
which pathway allows one part of the nervous system to affect more than one part of the nervous system and a small number of neurons synapse with a larger number of neurons?
divergent pathway
what is a reverberating circuit?
important functions that are periodically active such as sleep/wake cycle and respiration
where is sodium concentration higher?
extracellular
what is a nucleus
a cluster of cell bodies and their dendrites in the CNS
what is a ganglion?
a cluster of cell bodies and their dendrites in the PNS
what are some similarities between EPSPs and IPSPs? (3) (BCS)
1) both are graded potentials
2) conducted in a decremental fashion
3) size is proportional to the strength of the stimulus
what ionic changes in the membrane will promote depolarization?
sodium and calcium
are graded potentials reversable?
yes
what is temporal summation?
a single synapse fires rapidly in sequence
what is a IPSP?
when the hyperpolarization of a postsynaptic neuron occurs to a neurotransmitter
why does hyperpolarization of a postsynaptic neuron occur with a IPSP?
because it is more likely to reach a threshold
what are IPSPs due to?
the opening of chloride and potassium channels (hyperpolarization)
what is the purpose of the absolute refractory period?
to prevent potentials from being generated in the reverse direction
what is a plexus?
an extensive network of nerves outside the CNS
during an action potential what is repolarization due to?
potassium ions leaving the cell
which nerve fibers form the autonomic system?
B and C
the propagation of action potentials from one node of ranvier to another along a myelenated axon
saltatory conduction
what type of neurons are motor neurons and interneurons structurally?
multipolar
what does gray matter primarily contain?
neuron cell bodies
compared with the inside of the resting plasma membrane what is the outside surface of the membrane?
positively charged
what are leak channels responsible for?
the ion permeability of the resting plasma membrane
if the permeability of the plasma membrane to potassium increases what happens to the resting membrane potential difference and what is that called?
it increases and it’s called hyperpolarization
what happens to the plasma membrane during repolarization?
potassium diffuses out of the cell