Flashcards in EXAM #2: ESOPHAGEAL DISORDERS Deck (39):
1
What is an alternate name for heartburn?
Pyrosis
2
What is the definition of odynophagia?
Painful swallowing
(vs. dysphagia that is non-painful difficulty with swallowing)
3
What is Globus hystericus?
Dysphagia that is relieved with swallowing
- Seen in OCD
- Seen in anxiety
4
What is waterbrash?
Burped up acid into the esophagus causes an abnormal salivary reaction
5
What is EGD?
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
6
What is the best test for visualizing the esophagus?
EGD
7
What is endoscopic US?
Using a swallowed probe to get a US view of the esophagus
- Used to see structures just OUTSIDE of the esophagus
8
What is esophageal manometry used for?
Observing contractility
*Note that this often included with pH testing*
9
What is reflux testing?
A pH probe that measures the pH in the distal esophagus
10
How do patients present with a hiatal hernia?
Complain of a fullness in the epigastrium + heartburn
11
What is the most common symptom of a esophageal diverticula?
Putrid breath
12
What is the hallmark sign of Achalasia on radiography?
Bird Beak sign
13
What are the common presenting symptoms with Achalasia?
- Solid food dysphagia
- Weight loss
- Chest pain
- Foul breath
14
What is the treatment for Achalasia?
Treatment is limited--this is incurable
15
What can help an esophageal spasm?
NO and smooth muscle dilators
16
What is eosinophilic esophagitis?
Recurrent dysphagia with food impaction
- Caused by eosinophilic dominant inflammation
- Allergic-type reaction
17
What patient population is eosiniphilic esophagitis common in?
Young white males
18
How does EGD appear in eosinophilic esophagitis?
Ringed esophagus
19
What is the treatment for Eosinophilic Esophagitis?
1) PPI
2) Allergy avoidance
3) Inhaled glucocorticoids
4) Dilation
20
What is the common presenting symptom of infectious esophagitis?
Odynophagia
21
What are the common etiologies of Infectious Esophagitis?
1) C. albicans
2) CMV
3) HSV
22
What clinical finding is common in Candida Esophagitis?
Oral Thrush
23
What stain is used for identifying Candida Esophagitis?
Silver stain--pseudohyphae
24
When do you perform an endoscopy BEFORE treatment in possible Candida Esophagitis?
No oral thrush but you suspect Candida Esophagitis
25
What are the signs and symptoms of CMV esophagitis?
LAD, cough, and mono-like presentation
26
How will the ulcers appear in CMV esophagitis?
Large serpigenous ulcers in mid-distal esophagus
27
How will CMV esophagitis appear under the microscope?
Owl eye
28
How is CMV esophagitis treated?
Gancyclovir
29
What is the mnemonic to remember the features of HSV esophagitis?
hsV
- V= volcano ulcers
- V= very painful
- V= AcycloVir
30
What is used to visualize HSV in the lab?
Tzanck smear
*Will show "Giant cell"
31
What is the most common cause of an esophageal perforation?
Iatrogenic i.e. endoscopy
32
What is radiation esophagitis?
Radiation induced "burning" of the esophagus
33
What is a common cause of corrosive esophagitis?
Battery ingestion
34
What patient populations is pill esophagitis most common in?
Elderly "polypharmacy" patients
35
What is Scleroderma?
CREST Syndrome
- causes esophageal dysfunction
36
What is Barrett's Esophagus associated with?
Alcohol and tobacco use
37
What is the treatment plan for low grade Barrett's?
Surveillance every 2-3 years
38
What is the treatment plan for intermedaite grade Barrett's?
Survey every 6 months
39