Flashcards in EXAM #1: BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE GI TRACT Deck (81)
Loading flashcards...
1
What are the symptoms of Botulism poisoning?
1) Dizziness
2) Dry mouth
3) Blurred vision
4) Abd. sx
5) Progressive paralysis
2
What causes Botulism?
Improperly canned (non-acidic food)
3
When do the symptoms of Botulism start?
12-36 hours after ingestion
4
Is fever present in Botulinism?
No--only ingested toxin, NOT whole pathogen
5
What organism causes Botulinism?
C. botulinum
6
List the characteristics of C. botulismsm.
Gram positive
Spore forming
Rod-shaped
Anaerobic
7
What kind of toxin is the C. botulinum toxin?
A-B Bacterial toxin
8
What is the MOA of the C. Botulinum toxin?
1) B portion attaches to receptors on motor nerve endings
2) A portion enters nerve cell
3) Toxin blocks release of ACh
9
What causes Floppy Baby Syndrome?
C. Botulinum spore ingestion
10
What are the symptoms of Floppy Baby Syndrome?
Constipation followed by generalized paralysis
11
Where are C. botulinum spores and toxins identifiable in Floppy Baby Syndrome?
Feces
12
How is Botulsim treated?
Antitoxin administration
13
What is a major adverse effect of Botulism antitoxin administration?
Serum sickness
14
What are the characteristics of Clostridium difficile?
Gram positive
Spore forming
Rod-shaped
Anaerobic
15
What does Clostridium difficile cause?
Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis
16
What is the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea?
Clostridium difficile
17
How is Clostridium difficile transmitted?
Fecal-oral
18
What antibiotic was the first abx to cause pseudomembranous colitis?
Clindamycin
19
What are the most common causes of pseudomembranous colitis today?
2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins (only b/c they are the most frequently used)
20
What are pseudomembranes?
white-yellow plaques on the colonic mucosa
21
What is a severe complication of Clostridium difficile infection?
Toxic megacolon
22
How do you tell the difference between adverse diarrhea with abx administration vs. Clostridium difficile?
Clostridium difficile toxin present in the stool
23
How is Clostridium difficile treated?
1) Withdraw antibiotic
2) Oral metronidazole* or vancomycin
3) Fluid replacement
*Preferred
24
What is Shigellosis?
Dysentery i.e. bloody diarrhea
25
List the characteristics of Shigella dysenteriae.
Gram negative
Rods
Non-lactose fermenting
26
How does Shigella dysenteriae appear on MacConkey agar?
Colorless b/c non-lactose fermenting
27
How is Shigella dysenteriae distinguished from Salmonella?
1) Do NOT produce H2S
2) Non-glucose fermenting
3) Non-motile
28
What infective dose is required for Shigella dysenteriae infection? How does this compare to Salmonella?
Shigella dysenteriae= low
Salmonella= high
29
What type of diarrhea is seen with Shigella dysenteriae?
Bloody diarrhea
30
