Flashcards in EXAM #1: PATHOLOGY OF THE ESOPHAGUS Deck (55)
Loading flashcards...
1
What is the definition of odnophasia?
Painful swallowing
2
What should you think when a patient complains of odnophasia?
Infectious cause
3
What is the pathologic feature of Achalasia?
Failure of relaxation of the LES
4
What are the symptoms of Achalasia?
Progressive dysphagia
5
What causes Achalasia?
1) Idiopathic
2) Degenerative changes leading to decreased myenteric ganglia
3) Secondary causes
6
What morphology is seen in Achalasia?
Dilated esophagus proximal to the LES
7
What are patients with Achalasia at risk for?
1) SCC
2) Aspiration
3) Esophagitis
4) Diverticula formation
5) Obstruction
8
What disease can cause Secondary Achalasia?
Chagas Disease
(Trypanosoma cruzi --parasite-- that destroys ganglion cells)
9
List the secondary causes of Achalasia.
1) Chagas Disease
2) Disorders of the vagal dorsal motor nuclei
3) Diabetic neuropathy
4) Infiltration disorders
10
What are the two types of Hiatal Hernias?
1) Sliding*
2) Paraesophageal
*Most common
11
Which of the hiatal hernias is more dangerous?
Paraesophageal--risk of strangulation
12
What are the symptoms of a hiatal hernia?
GERD
13
What is the definition of a diverticula?
Outpouching of the GI tract
14
What are the three different types of diverticula seen in the esophagus? Which are false and which are true?
1) Zenker- False
2) Traction- True
3) Epiphernic- True
15
Where is a Zenker diverticula?
Proximal--immediately above the UES
16
Where are Traction diverticula?
Midportion of the esophagus
17
Where are Epiphrenic diverticula?
Distal--just above the LES
18
What is the primary presenting symptom of an esophageal diverticula?
Halatosis
19
What can cause a Traction Diverticula?
Mediastinal lymph nodes in TB "pulling" the esophagus out
20
What is a Mallory-Weiss tear?
Longitudinal tear at the gastroesophageal junction
21
What are the common causes of Mallory-Weiss tears?
1) Alcoholics
2) Bulemia nervosa
3) Hyperemesis gravidarum
22
What happens when there is rupture of a Mallory-Weiss tear?
Booerhave Syndrome
23
What is the primary symptom of Mallory Weiss tear?
Hematemesis
24
Outline the anatomy of an esophageal varice.
N/A
25
What are the most common causes of esophageal varices?
1) Alcoholism
2) Schistosmiasis
26
What are the symptoms of an esophageal varice?
Non prior to rupture, then rapidly fatal with SEVERE hematemesis
27
What is esophagitis?
Inflammation of the esophagus
28
What are the symptoms of esophagitis?
Dysphagia
GERD
Hematemesis
Melena
29
List the specific causes of Esophagitis.
1) Reflux esopagitis
2) Barrett's Esophagus
3) Infections/ chemical causes
4) Eosinophilic esophagitis
30
