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BUHAY DENTISTA > genetics quiz 2 lesson 2 finals > Flashcards

genetics quiz 2 lesson 2 finals Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

a codon consist of ___ and there are total fo 64 codons

A

3 bases

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2
Q

multiple codons may code

A

degenerate

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3
Q

synonymous codons

A

degenerate

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4
Q

usually occurs at the third position

A

degenerate

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5
Q

a specific codon always codes for the same

A

unambigous

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6
Q

the codons are read in a continuing sequence of nucleotide triplets

A

nonoverlapping

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7
Q

it has been conserved from very early stages

A

universal

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8
Q

are three nucleotide sequences

A

anticodons

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9
Q

carry the amino acid that are specified by the codon

A

trna molecules

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10
Q

defines the reading frame

A

start codon (AUG)

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11
Q

proposed by francis crick

A

adaptor hypothesis

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12
Q

suggested by Paul zamecnik and mahlon hoagland

A

tRNA as the adaptor hypothesis

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13
Q

share common structural features

A

tRNA

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14
Q

the secondary structure origininally proposed by robert w. holley

A

cloverleaf pattern

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15
Q

has three stem loops

A

tRNA

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16
Q

where an amino acid becomes attached to a tRNA

A

acceptor

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17
Q

all tRNA molecules have the sequence

A

CCA at their 3’ends

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18
Q

can differ in the number of nucleotides they contain

A

variable site

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19
Q

located in the second loop region

A

anticodon

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20
Q

involves additional folding

A

three dimensional or tertiary

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21
Q

catalyze the attachment of amino acids to tRNA molecules

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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22
Q

is named for the specific amino acid it attaches to tRNA

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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23
Q

how does an amino acid get attached to the correct tRNA:

A

Step 1: Synthetase links a specific amino acid to AMP using ATP energy, releasing pyrophosphate.

Step 2: The correct tRNA binds, and the amino acid is then attached to its acceptor stem, releasing AMP.

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24
Q

proposed by francis crick

25
the first two position pair
wobble rule
26
mismatches that are allowed
wobble rule
27
two or more tRNA that differ at the wobble position
isoreceptor tRNA
28
Free in cytoplasm
ribosome
29
attached to the surface of the ER
ribosome
30
produce in nucleus
ribosome
31
50s-prokaryotes; 60s-eukaryotes 30s- prokaryotes; 40s- eukaryotes
large small
32
enzyme for peptide bond
peptidyl synthetase
33
was the first to propose a two-site model which is: peptidyl site (p site) aminoacyl site (a site)
james watson
34
propose the three site model: - peptidyl site - aminoacyl site - exit site
Knud nierhaus, hans sternbach, hans- jorg rheinberger
35
stages of translation
step 1:initiation step 2: elongation step 3: termination
36
has GTP bound to it
IF2
37
Promotes the binding of the initiator
IF2
38
thought to occupy a portion
IF1
39
the first aminoacyl- tRNA bindds to the p site
exception
40
the polypeptide is removed
peptidyl transfer
41
peptide bond formation catalyzed by
peptidyl transferase
42
in bacteria
rf1 recognize UAA and UAG rf2 recognize UAA and UGA rf3 is also required
43
in eukaryotes
erf1, recognizes all three stop codons erf3 is also required
44
enables initiation of protein synthesis
shine-dalgarno sequence
45
allows a single trna to recognixe more than one codon
trna wobble
46
4 high-energy bonds from atp to gap
tRNA aminoacylation: ATP- AMP loading trna onto ribosome: GTP-GDP Translocation: GTP-GDP
47
death cap
amanita phalloides
48
contains the peptide toxin a- amanitin
amanita mushroom poisoning
49
exotin of corynebacterium diphtheriae
diphtheria toxin
50
inactivates the eukaryotic elongation
diphtheria toxin
51
heritable change in the DNA
mutations
52
potential to change the base
mutations
53
purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine
transition
54
purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine
transversion
55
new codon codes for same amino acid
silent mutation
56
new codon codes for different amino acid
missense mutation
57
new codon is a stop codon
nonsense mutation
58
loss of large areas of chromosomes during unequal crossover in meiosis
large segment deletion
59
which inhibits the RNA polymerase 2
a- amanitin

BUHAY DENTISTA (61 decks)

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