prelim genetics lesson 1 fundamental Flashcards
(58 cards)
is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
Cell
It is the smallest unit of life and can replicate independently.
CELL
The study of cell is called
Cell Biology
cell vary from individual “single cell” organisms (____) to “multicellular” structures (tissues, organs) and organisms (____).
bacteria; animals and plants
Cell was discovered by __
Robert Hooke in 1665
The discovery of the cell was made possible through the invention of the microscope
1590, Hans and Zacharias Janssen
He first observed the cell in
thin slices of bottle cork.
Robert Hooke
Hooke discovered many tiny pores that he named “cells”. This came from the Latin word “__”.
Cella
He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb. He thought that cells only existed in plants and
fungi.
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke, Drawing of the structure of cork by Robert Hooke that appeared in book “__”
Micrographia
Used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum and discovered
single-celled organisms. He called them “____”.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673), animalcules
He also observed blood cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs and humans. This is probably due to the widely accepted, traditional belief in ___
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673),Spontaneous Generation
In 19th century; many doubted Spontaneous Generation and this was disproved by
Louis Pasteur
German Botanist,
_____, concluded that all plant
parts are made of cells.
1838, Matthias Schleiden
German physiologist, _____ who was a close friend of
Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.
1839, Theodor Schwann
German physician, after extensive study of
cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.
1858, Rudolf Virchow
3 CLASSIC CELL THEORY
*All organisms are composed of one or more cells .
- Cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
*All cells are produced by the division of preexisting
cells.
4 Modern Cell Theory:
- The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
- All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.
- All basic chemical and physiological functions are carried out inside the cells (movement, digestion etc) .
- Cell activity depends on the activities of sub-cellular
Basic morphologic and functional unit of all living things
cell
First step in cell reproduction:
DNA replication
Capable of independent existence (under favorable environmental conditions)
cell
Combination of cells with the same general function
tissue
Combination of tissues that form a more complex functional
ORGAN
Group of organs that have interrelated functions
ORGAN SYSTEM
