prelim org chem lesson 4

Question 1

a compound that contains an -OH
(hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral
carbon

Answer 1

alcohol

Question 2

, CH3H, is the simplest alcohol

Answer 2

Methanol

Question 3

In the IUPAC system, a compound containing two hydroxyl groups is named as ____, one containing three hydroxyl groups as a __

Answer 3

diol, triol

Question 4

refer to compounds containing hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons as

Answer 4

glycols.

Question 5

are polar molecules

Answer 5

Alcohols

Question 6

are both polar covalent.

Answer 6

The C-O and O-H bonds

Question 7

In the liquid state, alcohols associate by

Answer 7

hydrogen bonding.

Question 8

are weak acids and react with NaOH and other strong bases to form water-soluble salts.

Answer 8

phenol

Question 9

both contain an OH group.

Answer 9

Alcohols and phenols

Question 10

weaker acids and do not react in this
manner.

Answer 10

Alcohols

Question 11

elimination of a molecule of
water from adjacent carbon atoms gives an alkene.

Answer 11

Dehydration

Question 12

is most often brought about by
heating an alcohol with either 85% H3PO4 or concentrated H2SO4

Answer 12

Dehydration

Question 13

alcohols are the most difficult to dehydrate and require temperatures as high as 180°C.

Answer 13

1°

Question 14

alcohols undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at somewhat lower temperatures.

Answer 14

2°

Question 15

alcohols generally undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at temperatures only slightly above room temperature.

Answer 15

3°

Question 16

large amounts of water favor alcohol formation, whereas removal of water from the equilibrium mixture
favors alkene formation.

Answer 16

Le Chatelier’s principle

Question 17

are resistant to oxidation.

Answer 17

Tertiary alcohols

Question 18

is an
oxygen atom bonded to two carbon
atoms.

Answer 18

ether

Question 19

The simplest ether is

Answer 19

dimethyl ether

Question 20

The most common ether is

Answer 20

diethyl ether.

Question 21

an ether in which one of the
atoms in a ring is oxygen

Answer 21

Cyclic ether:

Question 22

are also known by their
common names.

Answer 22

Cyclic ethers

Question 23

is an important building block
for the organic chemical industry; it is also used as a fumigant in foodstuffs and textiles, and in hospitals to sterilize surgical instruments.

Answer 23

Ethylene oxide

Question 24

is a useful laboratory and
industrial solvent.

Answer 24

Tetrahydrofuran

Question 25

which oxygen bears a partial negative charge and each carbon bonded to it bears a partial positive charge.

Answer 25

Ethers

Question 26

have lower boiling points than alcohols of the same molecular formula

Answer 26

Ethers

Question 27

resemble hydrocarbons in their resistance to chemical reaction.

Answer 27

Ethers

Question 28

a compound containing an -SH (sulfhydryl) group.

Answer 28

Thiol

Question 29

The most outstanding property of low- molecular-weight thiols is their

Answer 29

stench

Question 30

They are responsible for smells such as those from rotten eggs and sewage

Answer 30

Thiols

Question 31

The scent of skunks is due primarily to these

Answer 31

two thiols

Question 32

are derived in the same manner as are the names of alcohols.

Answer 32

IUPAC name

Question 33

ommon names for simple thiols are derived by naming the alkyl group bonded to -SH and adding the word

Answer 33

"mercaptan"`

Question 34

show little association by hydrogen bonding

Answer 34

Thiols

Question 35

have lower boiling points and are less soluble in water and other polar solvents than alcohols of similar molecular weight.

Answer 35

Thiols

Question 36

are weak acids (pKa 10), and are comparable in strength to phenols.

Answer 36

Thiols

Question 37

react with strong bases such as NaOH to form water-soluble thiolate salts.

Answer 37

Thiols

Question 38

The most common reaction of thiols in biological systems is their oxidation to disulfides, the functional group of which is a

Answer 38

disulfide (-S-S-) bond

Question 39

are readily oxidized to disulfides by O2

Answer 39

Thiols

Question 40

They are so susceptible to oxidation that they must be protected from contact with air during storage.

Answer 40

Thiols

Question 41

The most common reaction of thiols in biological systems is their

Answer 41

oxidation to disulfides