lesson 1 midterm chirality

Question 1

have the same molecular formula but different structural

Answer 1

Isomers

Question 2

have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity of atoms, but differ in the spatial arrangement

Answer 2

stereoisomers

Question 3

Nonsuperposable mirror images are

Answer 3

enantiomers

Question 4

Objects that are not superposable on
their mirror images are

Answer 4

chiral

Question 5

chiral (from
the Greek: ____).

Answer 5

cheir, hand

Question 6

A carbon with four different groups
bonded to it is called a _

Answer 6

stereocenter

Question 7

f an object and its mirror image are
superposable, they are identical and
there is no possibility of enantiomerism

Answer 7

achiral

Question 8

note:kapag may stereocentr auto chiral na yun

Answer 8

note:kapag may stereocentr auto chiral na yun

Question 9

Objects that are nonsuperposable on their mirror images are ___ (they show handedness)

Answer 9

chiral

Question 10

Objects that are superposable on their mirror images are ___ (without chirality)

Answer 10

achiral

Question 11

is a way to distinguish between
enantiomers without having to draw them and
point to one or the other

Answer 11

R,S system

Question 12

the
maximum number of possible stereoisomers
is

Answer 12

2n

Question 13

stereoisomers that are not
mirror images

Answer 13

diastereomers

Question 14

light waves vibrating in all
planes perpendicular to its direction of
propagation.

Answer 14

Ordinary light

Question 15

light waves
vibrating only in parallel planes.

Answer 15

Plane-polarized light

Question 16

an instrument for measuring
the ability of a compound to rotate the
plane of plane-polarized light.

Answer 16

Polarimeter

Question 17

showing that a
compound rotates the plane of plane-
polarized light.

Answer 17

Optically active

Question 18

clockwise rotation of the
plane of plane-polarized light

Answer 18

Dextrorotatory

Question 19

counterclockwise rotation of
the plane of plane-polarized light.

Answer 19

Levorotatory

Question 20

the observed rotation of an
optically active substance at a concentration of 1 g/mL in a sample tube 10 cm long.

Answer 20

Specific rotation

Question 21

Chymotrypsin has 251 stereocenters.

Answer 21

Chymotrypsin

Question 22

The maximum number of stereoisomers possible
is

Answer 22

2251

Question 23

for a molecule with
one stereocenter, ____(one pair of
enantiomers) are possible.

Answer 23

21 = 2 stereoisomers

Question 24

two stereocenters, a
maximum of ___(two pair of
enantiomers) are possible.

Answer 24

22 = 4 stereoisomers

Question 25

three stereocenters, a maximum of ___(four pairs of enantiomers) are possible

Answer 25

23 = 8 stereoisomers

Question 26

To see the relationship between the original and its mirror image,

Answer 26

rotate the mirror image by 120°

Question 27

The____applies equally well to molecules with three or more stereocenters.

Answer 27

2n rule

Question 28

These are two molecules that are mirror images but cannot be perfectly stacked on top of each other

Answer 28

Enantiomers

Question 29

have a stereocenter and are not superimposable on their mirror images

Answer 29

Chiral molecules

Question 30

have no stereocenter and are superimposable (identical to their mirror images).

Answer 30

Achiral molecules

Question 31

___ is active as a pain and fever reliever, while its )____ is inactive.

Answer 31

(S)-ibuprofen, R enantiomer

Question 32

Clockwise = R, Counterclockwise = S.

Answer 32

Clockwise = R, Counterclockwise = S.

Question 33

means "handedness

Answer 33

Chirality

Question 34

Iodine (I) = 53 → Highest priority (1) Bromine (Br) = 35 → Second priority (2) Chlorine (Cl) = 17 → Third priority (3) Hydrogen (H) = 1 → Lowest priority (4)

Answer 34

Iodine (I) = 53 → Highest priority (1) Bromine (Br) = 35 → Second priority (2) Chlorine (Cl) = 17 → Third priority (3) Hydrogen (H) = 1 → Lowest priority (4)

Question 35

highly chiral and only work with specific enantiomers

Answer 35

enzyme

Question 36

S-ibuprofen works as a painkiller. R-ibuprofen does not work. S-naproxen is a pain reliever, but R-naproxen is toxic to the liver!

Answer 36

S-ibuprofen works as a painkiller. R-ibuprofen does not work. S-naproxen is a pain reliever, but R-naproxen is toxic to the liver!

Question 37

plays a crucial role in dentistry, particularly in the effectiveness of drugs, biomaterials, and flavoring agents

Answer 37

Chirality

Question 38

Many anesthetics used in dentistry, such as bupivacaine, lidocaine, and artcicaine, exist as chiral molecules.

Answer 38

Local Anesthetics (Pain Management)

Question 39

Many antibiotics used in dentistry, like amoxicillin, have chiral centers. The correct enantiomer is more effective in fighting bacterial infections in the mouth

Answer 39

Antibiotics for Oral Infections

Question 40

Menthol, used in toothpaste and mouthwash, has two enantiomers

Answer 40

(−)-Menthol gives the cool, minty sensation. (+)-Menthol has a different scent and does not feel as refreshing.

Question 41

Chiral molecules are used in dental implants, resins, and adhesives to improve biocompatibility.

Answer 41

Biocompatible Dental Materials

Question 42

a chiral polymer, is used in some bioresorbable dental materials to aid in healing.

Answer 42

Polylactic acid (PLA),

Question 43

is the active form that reduces pain and swelling in the gums after dental surgery.

Answer 43

S-Ibuprofen

Question 44

Certain pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen) have chiral versions

Answer 44

Enantiomer-Specific Drug Interactions

Question 45

which help numb the mouth during procedures like tooth extractions, root canals, and fillings.

Answer 45

local anesthetics

Question 46

is a powerful local anesthetic

Answer 46

Bupivacaine

Question 47

More toxic to the heart and nervous system.

Answer 47

R-Bupivacaine

Question 48

Less toxic and still effective for pain relief.

Answer 48

S-Bupivacaine

Question 49

it provides long-lasting numbness with fewer side effects. 3.

Answer 49

S-Bupivacaine

Question 50

another chiral anesthetic widely used in dentistry.

Answer 50

Articaine

Question 51

is more effective and breaks down faster in the body, reducing side effects.

Answer 51

S-enantiomer

Question 52

If the priority order of groups is read in a clockwise direction, what is the configuration?

Answer 52

r