Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

hlsc 222 > GI tract > Flashcards

GI tract Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anorexia

A

lack of desire to eat/ lack of appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

emesis

A

vomit or throw up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nausea

A

feeling of being sick, vertigo, hypersalicvation, tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

vomiting (projectile)

A

emesis without nausea, forceful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

constipation

A

limited bowel movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

osmotic diarrhea

A

pull water into the smal intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

secretory diarrhea

A

large volume of mucous, electrolytes, fluids, can be due to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

motility diarrhea

A

decreased transit time means decreased reabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

symptoms of diarrhea

A

dehydration, fever, cramping, bloating, watery stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

somatic abdominal pain

A

parietal peritoneum – precisely localized and intense – aggravated by movement – usually caused by an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

visceral abdominal pain

A

arises from a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ caused by damage or disruption
– poorly localized, diffuse or vague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

referred abdominal pain

A

visceral pain felt away from the disease or affected organ – well localized, can be felt in the skin or deeper due to shared nerve pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms of upper GI bleeding

A

emesis either bright red or coffee ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Symptoms of lower GI bleeding

A

melena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Upper GI bleed - definition

A

above the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lower GI bleed - definition

A

below the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Occult bleeding

A

hidden blood in stool, cannot see the colour change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hematemesis

A

partially digested blood, coffee grounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

melena

A

black stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hematochezia

A

passing of blood that has not been digested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

esophageal varices

A

Dilated veins in the low esophagus often due to portal hypertension risk of rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

esophageal varices - symptoms

A

mass bleeding, hypovolemic shock, increased HR, decreased CO and BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Acid reflux
LES doesnt close properly allowing acid to travel back up the esopagus
26
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
severe, continuous/constant acid
27
GERD - symptoms
chronic cough to clear esophagus, "heart burn" feeling, burning, sour taste, chest pain
28
GERD - risk factors
obesity, pregnant
29
GERD - causes
–abnormalities in lower esophageal sphincter function (resting tone is lower than normal), esophageal motility, gastric motility or emptying Vomiting coughing, lifting bending, obesity, or pregnancy increases abdominal pressure, contributing to reflux
30
simple, mechanical bowel obstruction
blockage by lesion- most common, preventing the flow of chyme
31
functional bowel obstruction
nerves do not propel down as they should, paralytic ileus (motility failure)
32
examples of mechanical bowel obstruction
lesion, hernia, adhesion, volvulus (twist or flip of bowel), intussesception (folds)
33
examples of functional bowel obstruction
Paralytic ileus
34
adhesions
excessive scar tissue after surgery
35
hernia
caused by weakened muscles, is a gap in the musculature that allows abdominal content to move through
36
volvulus
flip ot twist in the bowel
37
intussusception
intestine folds into itself
38
risk of bowel obstruction
hernias, adhesions from surgery, volvulus, intussusception
39
bowel obstruction symptoms
pain, N/V, hyper bowel sounds, distention, bloating,
40
Gastritis
inflamation of the gastric mucosa
41
Acute vs chronic gastritis
acute- injury to the mucosal barrier (but will recover), chronic- mucosal atrophy and epithelial metaplasia
42
Signs & symptoms of gastritis
vagua abdominal discomfort, epigastric tenderness, bleeding
43
Gastritis - causes
nsaids, chemicals, h.pylori, alchohol
44
Gastritis - risk factors
overuse nsaids, excess drinking, age
45
Peptic ulcer - duodenal
ulceration located in upper part of the intestine
46
Peptic ulcer - gastric
ulceration in stomach lining
47
Differences between gastric & duodenal ulcer
section of gastric acid (normal/low for gastric, hyper for dunodenal), pain after meals (1-2 gastric, 2-4 duodenal), eating food and pain (gastric aggravates, duodenal relieves pain), vomiting (common gastric), hemorrhage (gastric more likely, duodenal less likely but will manifest as melena if occurs)
48
Causes of peptic ulcers
h Pylori bacteria, Medications that irrate lining (Nsaids)
49
Types of stress ulcers
Curling ulcers, Cushing ulcers, Stress ulcer
50
Curling ulcer
caused by severe burns, often located in duodenum
51
Cushing ulcer
caused from Brain injury, often located in the stomach
52
Gastrectomy - definition
surgical removal of part of the stomach
53
Gastrectomy - risk factors
dumping syndrome, alkaline reflux gastritis, afferent loop obstruction, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, bone and mineral disorders
54
Ulcerative colitis
ulceration of the colon mucosa. Mild is the first layer and severe is when it travels deeper. Occult blood, mucous, cramping, frequent bathroom, remission or exacerbation. Involved the rectum up through the whole GI tract (continuous) LLQ
55
Crohn's Disease
skip lesions, deeper through the GI tract, can go through forming fistulas, ascending colon and can skip up and down, develpoms anemia faster and is commonly found in smokers
56
Irritable bowel syndrome
symptom based, not a disease. Abdominal pain, bloating, distention, constipation, diarrhea, idiopathic
57
Differences between Ulcerative colitis & Crohn's disease
Pain location- UC:LLQ, CD: LRQ; Bleeding during bowel mvmt- UC: common, CD: not commo; Inflammation area- UC: usually only colon, continous, CD: anywhere Gi tract, can skip areas; Colon wall- UC: thinned, CD: cobblestone and thickened; Smoking- UC: non smokers, CD: smoking can worsen condition
58
Diverticulosis
bubles formed in the GI tract, can be asymptomatic
59
Diverticulitis
inflammedbubbles that can cause infection or risk rupture
60
Appendicitis
inflammed appendix, pain until ruptured then temporary relief, risk of sepsis, referred pain*, rebound pain
61
BMI of obesity
greater than 30
62
Causes of obesity
diet, lack of exercise, depression, addiction, genetic, over eating, culture
63
Risk factors of obesity
increases risk for all diseases
64
Malnutrition
eating the wrong foods that dont provide your body with nutrients
65
Starvation
not eating food
66
Cachexia
severe, involuntary weight and muscle loss from metabolic changes and inflamattion- result of chronic progressive disease such as cancer, aids
67
signs & symptoms in gastrointestinal system of cystic fibrosis
there is a thick mucus that is secreted and it plugs the pancreatic duct inhibiting the release of digestive enzymes causing malnurishment

hlsc 222 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions