Infection - TB Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Distribution of TB
A
95% of cases occur in developing ountries.
2
Q
Overall Incidence of TB
A
- > 8 million new cases
- Annual death rate > 3 million worldwide.
3
Q
Agr in TB
A
- Most commonly in Children < 5 years & young adults
- 5 - 14 years → Golden age “lowest rate of incidence”
4
Q
Sex in TB
A
No gender difference
5
Q
Causative Organism sin TB
A
6
Q
Characters of TB Bacilli
A
7
Q
Characters of TB Bacilli
- Type
A
8
Q
Characters of TB Bacilli
- Gram Stain
A
Weak gram positive
9
Q
Characters of TB Bacilli
- Special Stains
A
Ziehl-Neelsen stain High
- acid-fast bacilli appear pink » Hallmark for mycobacteria
10
Q
Characters of TB Bacilli
- Culture Media
A
Löwenstein Jensen medium
11
Q
Characters of TB Bacilli
- Mech. Of Resistance
A
- Remains viable in airborne droplet nuclei and soil
- Able to survive in acidic & alcohol
12
Q
MOT of TB
A
13
Q
- TB infection & disease usually develop by inhalation of TB droplet
A
- +ve skin test without symptoms or chest X-ray signs “latent TB”
14
Q
Progression to symptomatic TB occurs only in 5% in the first 2 years of life
A
…….
15
Q
Risk Factors to TB
A
16
Q
Immunological Response to TB
A
17
Q
Pathogenesis of TB
A
18
Q
Fate of TB Primary Complex
A
19
Q
Fate of TB Primary Complex
- regression
A
20
Q
Fate of TB Primary Complex
- Early Progression
A
21
Q
Fate of TB Primary Complex
- Lymphohematogenous dissemination
A
22
Q
CP of TB
A
23
Q
CP of TB
- Pulmonary
A
- Primary pulmonary TB
- Reactivation pulmonary TB
24
Q
CP of TB
- Extrapulmonary TB
A
- Lymph node disease
- Lymphohematogenous disease
- CNS
- Skin
- Skeletal
- Abdominal & GIT
- Genitourinary
25
**Primary Pulmonary TB**
- Systemic Manifestations
26
**Primary Pulmonary TB**
- Pulmonary Manifestations
27
**Primary Pulmonary TB**
- Signs
Chest rales - dullness - egophony over the cavitary lesions.
28
**Primary Pulmonary TB**
- Pleural Effusion
29
**Primary Pulmonary TB**
- Reactivation
30
**Extrapulmonary TB**
- Lymphohematohenous Spread
31
**Extrapulmonary TB**
- LN Disease
32
Lymphohematohenous Spread in **Extrapulmonary TB**
- Incidence
More common in infans, Young & immunosuppressed children
33
Lymphohematohenous Spread in **Extrapulmonary TB**
- Def
34
Lymphohematohenous Spread in **Extrapulmonary TB**
- Common Sites
35
Lymphohematohenous Spread in **Extrapulmonary TB**
- Clinical Features
36
Lymphohematohenous Spread in **Extrapulmonary TB**
- Chest X-Ray
Miliary lesions are small (2-3 mm) but may coalesce to form larger lesions
37
**Extrapulmonary TB**
- CNS
38
**CNS Extrapulmonary TB**
- Incidence
TB meningitis is the most serious complication occur () 6 months - 4 years
39
**CNS Extrapulmonary TB**
- Course
40
**CNS Extrapulmonary TB**
- INVx
41
**Extrapulmonary TB**
- Skin Disease
42
**Skin Extrapulmonary TB**
- Characters
Raised tender bruise like areas.
43
**Skin Extrapulmonary TB**
- Site
Over the shins
44
**Skeletal Extrapulmonary TB**
45
**Skeletal Extrapulmonary TB**
- Incidence
- 1-3% of all T.B. cases
- 10% of extra-pulmonary T.B.
46
**Skeletal Extrapulmonary TB**
- Site
47
**Skeletal Extrapulmonary TB**
- TB Dactylitis
48
**Extrapulmonary TB**
- Abdominal & GIT
49
**Abdominal & GIT Extrapulmonary TB**
- Site
Affects the terminal part of small intestine
50
**Abdominal & GIT Extrapulmonary TB**
- CP
* Pain, diarrhea & weight loss (due to shallow ulcers)
* Fever, ascites & doughy abdomen (due peritonitis)
51
**Geniturinary Extrapulmonary TB**
52
**Geniturinary Extrapulmonary TB**
- Incidence
Rare in children
53
**Geniturinary Extrapulmonary TB**
- CP
54
Evaluation of **TB**
55
Evaluation of **TB**
- Hx
* Exposure to individuals with TB
* Hx of visiting or living countries with a high TB burden
56
Evaluation of **TB**
- Ex
For symptoms & signs of TB
57
Evaluation of **TB**
- INVx
58
Source of samples needed for microbiological examination
59
Mechanism of **TST**
60
Procedure of **TST**
61
Tips for Reeding **TST**
62
Interpretation of **TST**
63
Interpretation of **TST**
- >= 5 mm
* Contacts of TB cases
* HIV & immune suppression
* Clinical / XR suspicion of TB disease
64
Interpretation of **TST**
- >= 10 mm
* Persons in high prevalence countries
* Medical conditions "Mycobacteriology laboratory workers"
* children < 4 years exposed to high-risk adults*
65
Interpretation of **TST**
- >= 15 mm
All healthy individuals without known risk factors
66
Interpretation of **TST**
- factors Affecting The Results
67
Interpretation of **TST**
- False Positive
68
Interpretation of **TST**
- False Negative
69
Stages of **TB**
70
Stages of **TB**
- TB Exposure
71
Stages of **TB**
- TB Infection
72
Stages of **TB**
- TB Disease
73
Prevention of **TB**
74
Prevention of **TB**
- Case finding & treatment
....
75
Prevention of **TB**
- Screening for closes contacts
....
76
Prevention of **TB**
- BCG Vx
77
BCG Vx in **TB**
- Site
I.D in the left arm (deltoid muscle)
78
BCG Vx in **TB**
- Time
During the first month of life
79
BCG Vx in **TB**
- Eff
* 50% against pulmonary TB
* 80% against disseminated TB.
80
BCG Vx in **TB**
- SE
81
TTT of **TB**
82
TTT of **TB**
- If TB is Suspected, .......
prior to receiving TB culture results, treatment must be initiated.
83
There are five first-line TB drugs, which are ........
84
TB bacilli can be killed only during their replication.
....
85
TTT of **TB**
- Rifamicin
86
TTT of **TB**
- Ethambutol
87
TTT of **TB**
- Streptomycin
88
TTT of **TB**
- Pyrazinamide
89
TTT of **TB**
- Isoniazid
90
Regimen for **TB**
91
TTT of **TB**
92
TTT of **TB**
93
TTT of **TB**
94
TTT of **TB**
95
TTT of **TB**
96
TTT of **TB**
- TB meningitis OR Osteoarticular
97
TTT of **TB**
- CTS
