Lab 2: Vertebral column and Spinal cord

Question 1

Describe relations of arch/body of vertebrae

Answer 1

Vertebral arch = posterior
Vertebral body = always ant

Question 2

Describe vertebral for amen

Answer 2

Forms canal for spinal cord

Question 3

Describe intervertebral for amen

Answer 3

Notches
Sup vert = inf vertebral notch
Inf vert = sup vertebral notch
Spinal nerves pass through here

Question 4

Describe all cervical vertebrae

Answer 4

All but c1 and c2
C1=atlas, c2=axis
Bifid sp
Transverse foramina - for vertebral artery
Vertebral foamed more triangular
short tp

Question 5

Describe all thoracic vertebrae

Answer 5

T1-t12 = bigger
Heart shaped vertebral bod
Long sp, down, narrow, longer
Circular vertebral foramen - large
Articulate with ribs = have facets, Demi facets -2 on vertebral body, costal facet on tp

Question 6

Describe all Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 6

L1-l5
Kidney shaped vertebral body
Bigger, bears More weight
Triangular smaller vertebral formaen
Spinous process shorter and wider

Question 7

Describe atlas

Answer 7

C1,
Anterior arch - tubercle and facet for dens
Posterior arch and tubercle
Lateral masses with superior articular facets = articulate with occipital
Transverse foramina on top of lateral masses
Transverse ligament of atlast
No sp
No vertebral body

Question 8

Describe axis

Answer 8

C2
Dens - odontoid process, articulate with dens - with ant arch c1 = pivot joint
Superior articualr facets = lateral atlanto axial joints
Axial rotation

Question 9

Describe Atlanto occipital joint

Answer 9

Between occipital condyles of skull and lateral masses of atlas - c1
Minimal translation- axial rotation, flex, ext of head = main
Condylar joint
More movement than plane/gliding

Question 10

Describe Alta to axial joints

Answer 10

C1 and c2
Median = pivot joint
Lateral =planar joint
Primary for axial rotation of head

Question 11

Name all the articulations of atlanto axial joints

Answer 11

2 flat = plane/gliding, planar,lateral
Medial = pivot joint, dens with ant arch

Question 12

Describe intervertebral disks

Answer 12

Outer, 2 layers, tough in elastic = annulus fibrosis
Nucleus pulposus = absorbs shocks, v elastic, disk herniations possible
Symphysis joint - fibrocartilage

Question 13

Describe zygapophyseal joints

Answer 13

Between articualr proceses of vertebrae = sup and inf articular processes
Planar/gliding joint

Question 14

Describe zygapophyseal joints = CERVICAL

Answer 14

Transverse plane
Axial rot mostly

Question 15

Describe zygapophyseal joints = THORACIC

Answer 15

Coronal
Axial rot and flexion/extension

Question 16

Describe zygapophyseal joints = LUMBAR

Answer 16

Sagittal
Lateral flexion and extension - no axial ROT

Question 17

WHAT IS SACRUM

Answer 17

5 fused sacral vertebrae

Question 18

HOW MANY vertebrae make up coccyx

Answer 18

3-5

Question 19

Describe sacral canal

Answer 19

Cauda equina, spinal nerves flowing up and down after spinal cord ends in lumbar region

Question 20

Describe sacral hiatus

Answer 20

S5 comes out

Question 21

Describe sacral foramina

Answer 21

Sacral spinal nerves through
Equivalent to vertebral formaina

Question 22

Describe anterior longitudinal ligaments

Answer 22

In front vertebral body
Limit extension
Limit axial rot

Question 23

Describe posterior longitudinal ligaments

Answer 23

Behind vertebral body
Inside canal
Continuous with tectorial membrane
Limit flexion
Limit axial rot

Question 24

Describe ligamentum flavum

Answer 24

Between vertebral arches

Question 25

Describe interspinous ligament

Answer 25

Between spines Limit flexion

Question 26

Describe intertransverse ligaments

Answer 26

Between tps Limit ipsilateral ext and contra lateral flexion

Question 27

Describe supraspinous ligament

Answer 27

On top fo sp Limit flexion

Question 28

Describe nuchal ligament

Answer 28

Continuous with supraspinous ligament Up - thickens, bigger, prevent pitching of hea d

Question 29

Describe transverse ligament

Answer 29

Atlanto axial joint Keeps dens attachment to ant arch

Question 30

Describe posterior atlanto occipital membrane e

Answer 30

Attach the 2

Question 31

Describe tectorial membrane

Answer 31

Ant part of hole Posterior to bone Helps attach atlas to skull

Question 32

Describe spinal cord - from head to tail

Answer 32

Spinal cord stops = conus medullaris —> cauda equina

Question 33

Describe organization of meningeal layers

Answer 33

Dura —> arachnoid (adhered to dura) —> pia (adhered to spinal cord)

Question 34

What is filum terminale

Answer 34

Extension of pia mater

Question 35

What are denticualte ligaments from

Answer 35

Pia mater

Question 36

Describe spinal nerves

Answer 36

31 pairs Cervical spinal nerves named by inf vertebrae Exception = c8, no vert c8 but still named

Question 37

What does post rami innervate

Answer 37

Intrinsic back muscles Skin - sensory

Question 38

What does ant rami innervate

Answer 38

Everything else that post rami doesn’t innervate