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ANAT 314 > Lecture 6: Muscles of neck > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Muscles of neck Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Name the 2 groups of neck muscles

A

Neck/head extensors
Neck/head flexors

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2
Q

Describe neck/head extensors

A

Between zygopophyseal and intervertebral joints
= posterior group extrinsics sternocleidomastoid most superficial
+ intrisics = 3 layers = splenius, semi spinalis capitis, suboccipital muscles

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3
Q

Describe neck/head extensors- innervation

A

Anterior rami = extrinsic
Intrinsic = posterior rami
And trap = cn 11

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4
Q

Describe neck/head flexors

A

Anterior aspect of zygopophyseal joints and intervertebral
Superficial anterior group = sternocleidomastoid and hyoid muscles
Deep anterior group
Lateral group

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5
Q

Describe neck/head flexors innervation

A

Anterior rami

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6
Q

What are common functions of neck muscles

A

Neck/head lateral flexion and extension and some axial rotation

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7
Q

Describe splenius = which layer is it

A

Superficial posterior
Can see a bit, below traps, rhomboids and deep to serratus posterior superior
Most superifical of group, visible superior laterally but deep to extrinsics of back muscles

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8
Q

What does splenius mean

A

Bandage
V shaped muscle in 2 parts = capitis (head) and cervis (neck)

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9
Q

Describe splenius capitis - attachments

A

From nuchal ligemnt midline and spinous processes of c7-t3/4 to mastoid process
Enters head = actions on Atlanto occipital joint

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10
Q

Describe splenius cervicis - attachments

A

From spinous processes of t3-t6 to transverse processes of c1-c3
Not into head, stops at transverse processes

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11
Q

Describe functions of splenius

A

bilateral = Extension of cervical spine and head = both, atlanto occipital joint, not much movement of head tho
Unilateral = lateral flexion and rotation of head and cervical spine (particularly where splenius capitis attached = axial rotation, makes x with traps)

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12
Q

Describe innervation of splenius

A

Posterior rami of cervical nerves

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13
Q

Name deeper posterior muscles

A

Erector spinae and semi spinalis capitis

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14
Q

Describe erector spinae

A

All have own head = iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus capitis, spinalis
Action on altanto occipital, continues to mastoid process
Slips extend into head/neck with similar actions

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15
Q

Describe semi spinalis capitis

A

Intermediate layer
Deep to splenius
Palpable at base of head, lateral to trapezius

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16
Q

Describe semi spinalis capitis Attachments

A

From sides of c4-t6 (articulate and transverse processes) to occipital bone
(Posterior to zygopo joints)

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17
Q

Describe semi spinalis capitis Functions

A

Bilateral = extension of cervical spine and head
Unilateral = lateral flexion
(Not much axial rot bc fibres v clsoe and parallel to atlanto axis pivot joint)

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18
Q

Describe semi spinalis capitis Innervation

A

Posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves c2 (greater occipital) and c3

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19
Q

Describe suboccipital muscles

A

4 deep paired posterior muscles that control posture and find movement of head and gaze

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20
Q

Name the suboccipital muscles

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis Inferior

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21
Q

Describe recuts capitis posterior

A

Straight of head
Minor and major

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22
Q

Describe recuts capitis posterior MINOR attachments

A

Spinous process of c1 to occipital

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23
Q

Describe recuts capitis posterior MAJOR attachments

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A

Spinous process c2 to occipital

24
Q

Describe recuts capitis posterior MAJOR FUNCTION

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A

Bilateral extension
Unilateral ispilateral flexion of head
Ipsilateral rotation fo head - especially major, maximal gaze position

25
DESCRIBE obliquus capitis
Oblique of head
26
DESCRIBE obliquus capitis SUPERIOR
Transverse processes of c1 to Occipital
27
DESCRIBE obliquus capitis INFERIOR
Spinous process of c2 to transverse process c1
28
DESCRIBE obliquus capitis INFERIOR FUNCTION
Bilateral extension Ispilateral flexion fo head Ipsilateral rotation of head (inferior, great at axial rotation bc crosses c1 and c2)
29
DESCRIBE SUBOCCIPITAL MUSCLES INNVERVATION
Posterior rami fo spinal nerve c1 = suboccipital nerves
30
WHAT IS suboccipital triangle
Space bounded by muscles Sup = rectus capitis posteror major Lat = obliquus capitals superior Inf = obliquus capitis inferior Roof = semi spinalis capitis
31
What does suboccipital triangle allow passage of
Suboccipital nerve (post ramus c1) to all suboccipital muscles Contains vertebral artery on way to brian
32
Describe vertebral artery
Ascending through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae = till c6 Major blood supply to head
33
What is clinical correlate of suboccipital triangle
Important surgical landmark Prevent damage to vertebral artery - takes sharp medial turn, travels horizontally in triangle where it may become entrapped or compressed = compromise blood flow to posterior brain and cerebellum Find it so can avoid, also muscles can compress it
34
Describe general attachments of neck/back muscles - on underside fo head
Longissimus capitis = on side head Traps = insertion of them on ext occipital protuberance Obliquus capitis suerior Rectus capitis major and minor Semi spinalis capitis = big attachment Splneius capitis = on mastoid process Sternocleidomastoid too
35
Describe tension headaches
Dull vibe like pain around scalp/skull May be partly cause by excessive tension = contraction of posterior neck muscles countering flexion torques at altanto occipital joint and building on soft tissues and periosteum of skull Strains muscles bc fighting torque generated by looking down
36
Name superficial anterior muscles of neck
Platysma Sternocleidomastoid Hyoid muscles
37
Describe platysma
Very small Muscle of facial expression
38
What are attachments of sternocleidomastoid
Infeirorly = sternum and clavicle Superior = mastoid process
39
Describe functions fo sternocleiodmastoids
Bilateral = extension fo head/neck (sup vertebrae) or flexion fo neck (inferior cervical vertebrae) Unilateral = contra lateral rotation, ispilateral lateral flexion
40
Describe innvertaion of sternocleidomastoud
CNXI = spinal accessory nerve
41
Describe whole of functions of sternocleidomastoid - specifically
Posteriorly = head extension, posterior to atlanto occipital joint —> scm fibres change positives relative to intervertebral joints —> neck flexion, anterior to intervertebral joints Has diff actions
42
Describe hyoid muscles
Infra and supra hyoid muscles PRIMARILY = Involved in moving hyoid during swallowing Secondarily = depress mandible Pass anterior to cervical vertebral joints = can also assist in NECK Flexion
43
Name deep anterior muscles
Rectus capitis anterior Rectus capitis Lateralis Longus capitis Longus colli
44
Describe rectus capitis anterior = attachments and functions
C1 transverse process to occipital Ispilateral rotation Minimal flexion
45
Describe rectus capitis lateralis = attachments and functions
C1 transverse process to occipital Ispilateral lateral head flexion
46
Describe longus capitis = attachments and functions
C3-c5 transverse processes to occipital Head flexion, neck ispilateral flexion *note = all muscles synergistic = cannot just recruit one muscle
47
Describe longus coil = attachments and functions
Does not cross into head, stays in neck Body cervical/thoracic vertebrae to body or transverse process of cervical vertebrae Bilateral = neck flexion Unilateral = ispilateral flexion fo cervical spine - neck
48
Describe innvertaion of deep anterior muscles
Ant rami c1-c8
49
Describe lateral muscles
Scalenes Stepwise ladder arrangements
50
Describe scalene attachments
Transverse proceses of cervical vertebrae c1-c7 To First rib (anterior and middle scalenes) or second rib (posterior scalenes)
51
Describe scalene functions
Bilateral = flexion cervical spine or elevate ribs as accessory muscles of respiration Unilateral = ispilateral lateral flexion fo cervical spine
52
Describe scalene innvertaion
Ant rami fo c1-c8
53
Why are scalenes improatnt
Anatomical landmark = brachial plexus (roots c5-t1) emerge between anterior and middle scalenes
54
Describe arterial blood supply to intrinsic posterior neck muscles
Vertebral artery and deep cervical artery (branches of subclavian) also occipital artery (branch eternal carotid)
55
Describe blood supply - Gen
Subclavian —> vertebral artery + deep cervical artery These anastomose And go to semi spinalis capitis and splenius capitus
56
What is periosteum
Thin layer Richly innevrated Surrounds al bones

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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