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ANAT 314 > Lecture 20: arm and elbow > Flashcards

Lecture 20: arm and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Define arm

A

Brachium
Most proximal segment of free upper limb located between glenohumeral and elbow joints

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2
Q

Describe elbow joint- gen

A

Links arm - brachium - and forearm - antebrachium
More complex articulation between 3 bones = distal humerus, proximal radius, proximal ulna

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3
Q

Describe humeral shaft distally

A

Widens mediolaterally
Distal humerus has 2 condyles = capitulum and trochlea
Adjacent medial and lateral epicondyles and supracondylar ridges = increase surface area for muscle attachments

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4
Q

Describe coronoid fossa humerus

A

Deeper

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5
Q

Describe radial fossa humerus

A

Shallow

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6
Q

Describe capitulum humerus

A

Articular surface for radius

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7
Q

Describe trochlea humerus

A

Articular surface for ulna
(Spool/pulley shaped)

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8
Q

Describe olecranon fossa humerus

A

Deepest

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9
Q

Reciprocal surface for capitulum of humerus

A

Radial head

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10
Q

Reciprocal surface for trochlea of humerus

A

Trochlear notch

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11
Q

Descrie radius features

A

Radial head, radial neck, radial tuberosity, shaft
(Proximal)

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12
Q

Describe ulna features

A

Tochlear notch = articulates with humerus
Conoid process - makes c shape = with olecranon process makes wrench shape
Ulnar tuberosity
Shaft

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13
Q

What type of joint is elbow

A

Synovial hinge - flex/ext
Compound joint = 3 bones with 3 articulations = humeroradial, humeroulnar and radioulnar

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14
Q

Describe purpose of 3 fossae on distal humerus

A

Accommodate processes on radius and ulna =
to prevent excessive flexion = coronoid and radial fossae
Prevent excessive extension = olecranon fossa
= act as stoppers, 180 degress rom max, locks radial head against fossa, = makes perfect hinge joint when olecranon locked in olecranon fossa

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15
Q

Describe humeroradial articulation

A

Capitulum
Head of radius

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16
Q

Describe humeroulnar articulation

A

Trochlea
Trochlear notch

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17
Q

Name elbow joint ligaments

A

Reinforcing/stabilizing structures =
Radial collateral ligament (lateral)
Ulnar collateral ligament (medial)
Annular ligament

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18
Q

Describe annular ligament

A

Stabilizes radioulnar joint and enables pronation/supination - lect 4
Ring shapen, keeps radial head in place against ulna, facilitates rotation of radial head against ulna

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19
Q

Describe nursemaids elbow

A

Radial head subluxation = occurs in children when radial head splits out of annular ligament - dislocates
Causes painful impingement of ligament, child refuses to promnate/supinate or flex elbow
Treatment = reduction = pop back in so fit radial head back into annular lig

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20
Q

What does humerus do to brachium

A

Divides brahcium into 2 musculofascial compartments, each dedicated to antagonists movements and interacted by own terminal branch brachial plexus

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21
Q

Describe anterior compartment of brachium = gen

A

Flexor compartment
Control elbow flexion

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22
Q

Describe anterior compartment of brachium = innervation

A

Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve c5-c7
Lateral cord brachial plexus

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23
Q

Describe posterior compartment of brachium = gen

A

Extensor compartment
Control elbow extension

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24
Q

Describe posterior compartment of brachium = innervation

A

Innervated by radial nerve - c5-t1

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25
Name muscles of anterior compartment
Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis
26
What does biceps brachii stand for
2 heads of arm
27
Proximal scapular attachment biceps brachii long head
Supra genloid tubercle of scapula
28
Proximal scapular attachments biceps brachii Short head
Coracoid process
29
Distal radial attachments biceps brachii
As conjoined tendon of 2 heads = radial tuberosity (halfway down arm) As bicipital aponeurosis = deep fascia of medial forearm - flap ct over cubital fossa, soft tissue attachment
30
Functions of biceps brachii
Flexion elbow joint Accessory flexor of glenohuemral joint bc proximal attachments on scapula Supination Bicipital aponeurosis covers and protects contents of cubital fossa
31
biceps brachii Describe long head tendon
Runs over humeral head in fibrous capsule (tendon integrated into fibrous capsule) through intertuberular bicipital groove = another passive stabilizer of shoulder- tension helps keep head opposed to genloid facet
32
Where are brachialis and coracobrachialis
Under biceps brachii
33
Attachments Coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of scapula to medial/anterior humeral shaft (Passes deep to Pectoralis major)
34
Coracobrachialis Function
Flexion, weak adduction and medial rotation of glenohumeral joint (Does not cross elbow)
35
Attachments Brachialis
Anterior shaft of humerus to ulnar tuberosity Fusiform muscle
36
Function Brachialis
Flexion of elbow joint - synergist of biceps brachii (Nothing ELSE)
37
Innervation of anterior arm = motor
All 3 muscles of ant arm Innervated by musculocutaneous nerve c5-c7 from lateral cord, pierces coracobrachialis After innvervating muscles = becomes entirely cutaneous as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (runs between brachialis and biceps brachii then comes out on lateral side as cutaneous nerve )
38
Sensory innervation anterior arm = name all nerves and general areas
From brachial plexus = mixed spinal nerves and named cutaneous nerves - sensory only Lateral = axillary c5-6, radial nerve c5-t1 Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm c5-7 Medial = medial brachial cutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous (both from medial cord c8-t1)
39
Triceps brachii
3 heads fo arm
40
Name muscles of posterior compartment of arm
Triceps brachii Anconeus
41
Triceps brachii Proximal attachment long head
Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (crosses shoudler joint)
42
Triceps brachii Proximal attachment lateral and medial heads
Lateral head = posterior shaft of humerus above radial groove (for radial nerve) medial head = posterior shaft of humerus below radial groove (for radial nerve)
43
Triceps brachii Distal attachments
As one big single tendon = to olecranon process of ulna
44
Triceps brachii Functions
Elbow extension = major antagonist of biceps brachii and brachialis Long head only = adduction (from abducted position) and extension of glenohumeral joint (from flexed position)
45
Anconeus attachments
Posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus (dorsal) to olecranon process
46
Anconeus Functions
Elbow extension weak Dynamic stabilization
47
Describe innervation of posterior arm - Motor
All posterior muscles Innervated by single brachial plexus nerve Radial nerve c5-t1, travels in radial groove on posterior humerus, spirals arounf shaft, to end anterior to lateral epicondyle = invert and triceps and Anconeus (Radial nerve and deep brachial artery visible on triangular interval between long head and lateral head triceps)
48
Sensory innervation posterior arm = name all nerves and general areas
Cutaneous innervation from multiple nerves Lateral = axiallary nerve c5-6, radial nerve c5-t1, lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm Medial = medial brachial cutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous (both c8-t1)
49
What blood supplies posterior arm
Deep brachial artery (first branch brachial artery, in radial groove with radial nerve) aka profunda brachii
50
What blood supplies anterior arm
Brachial artery - medially Runs with median nerve
51
Describe brachial artery
Inferior to Teres major axillary artery becomes brachial artery
52
Terminal branches brachial artery
Radial artery Ulnar artery
53
What forms axillary vein
Brachial veins and basilic vein join to form axillary vein
54
What runs with brachial artery
Paired brachial veins
55
If see superficial vein = …
It’s basilic vein Not brachial veins
56
What is cubital fossa
Triangular space in anterior elbow, apex pointing distally, forming 2nd funnel for passage of n/v structures from arm into forearm
57
Name the 3 funnels of arm
Axilla - funnel 1 Cubital fossa - funnel 2 Carpal tunnel - funnel 2
58
Superior border cubital fossa
Imaginary line between humeral epicondyles
59
Lateral border cubital fossa
Brachioradialis
60
Floor cubital fossa
Brachialis -deep to biceps brachii
61
Medial border cubital fossa
Pronator Teres
62
Roof cubital fossa
Bicipital aponeurosis - protects its contents
63
Name an describe what contents of cubital fossa
From lateral to medial = tan Biceps brachii Tendon Brachial Artery (before splitting), also venae comitantes of brachial artery also run in cubital fossa Median Nerve
64
Are the superficial veins = cephalic, basilic and median cubital veins = inside cubital fossa
Nahhhhh In area of cubital fossa but not part of it Are above bicipital aponeurosis - roof cubital fossa

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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