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ANAT 314 > Lecture 10: Hip and Gluteal region > Flashcards

Lecture 10: Hip and Gluteal region Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does buttocks end/begin

A

Thigh/gluteal fold —> level top of iliac crest

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2
Q

Buttcrack

A

Intergluteal cleft

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3
Q

What is gluteal fold

A

Marks lowest point of gluteal region

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4
Q

Describe hip joint

A

Femoral head = ball
Socket = acetabulum = cup
Ball and socket = multi axial joint = most mobile

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5
Q

Describe femoral head

A

Lined with articular cartilage

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6
Q

Describe ligament of head of femur

A

Intracapsular ligament = within fibrous capsule but outside synovial space
Anchors femoral head to fossa (acetabulum)

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7
Q

Describe fovea of femoral head

A

Depress where ligament of head of the femoral attaches to head

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8
Q

Describe acetabular fossa

A

Lined with articular Cartilage = socket

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9
Q

Describe acetabular labrum

A

Rim of fibrocartilage extending slightly beyond bony edge of fossa = deepens socket
Extends, provides even more stability

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10
Q

Compare femoral neck to head

A

Femoral neck = 48 degrees to shaft (has greater and lesser trochanter)
Then femoral head = ball part

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11
Q

for what are the attachment sites of femur

A

Hip abductors, lateral rotators and extensors
Many hip and gluteal muscles

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12
Q

Name attachment sites of femur

A

Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter (iliopsoas)
Inter trochanteric crest/ridge
Gluteal tuberosity = elevated, rough spot

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13
Q

Describe flexion/extension of hip joint

A

Sagittal plane
Transverse axis
Like kick ball with toe

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14
Q

Describe add/abduction of hip joint

A

Coronal plane
Sagittal acis
Like starfish
When sitting = like get out of car, abd when straddle, add when cross legs

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15
Q

Describe axial rotation of hip joint

A

Transverse plane
Longitudinal axis
Medial = internal rotation, greater trochanter moves anteriorly (charleston)
Lateral = external rotation
Motion to cross legs, like stand up and wiggly knee

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16
Q

Describe circumduction of hip joint

A

Combo flex/ext + add/abd
Link arm circles but for legs

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17
Q

How is hip joint stabilized

A

Reinforced by 3 extracapsular ligaments = when standing prevent excessive motion and force femoral head firmly into acetabular fosssa

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18
Q

Name ligaments of hip joint

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

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19
Q

Describe iliofemoral ligament

A

Prevents hyper extension and limits lateral rotation

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20
Q

Describe pubofemoral ligament

A

Prevents over abduction

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21
Q

Describe ischiofemoral ligament

A

Limits medial rotation

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22
Q

Name and describe the weak spots in ligaments of hip joint

A

Anterior = between iliofemoral and pubofemoral
Posterior = between iliofemoral and ischiofemoral
Exposure of joint = weak spot

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23
Q

Describe ligaments when hip extended

A

Spiralling and taught ligaments move femoral head closer into fossa
Most stable, spiral like wringing towel

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24
Q

Describe ligaments when hip flexed

A

When sitting
Slack ligaments make femoral head and fossa less tightly packed

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25
Describe clinical correlate - hip joint ligaments
Impact to Knee with flexed hip = like when sitting in car = may cause posterior hip dislocation through weak spots in hip joint ligaments Clinical sign = leg position = flexed, adducted and medially rotated Force out through gap between iliofemoral and ischiofemoral = weak spot, so muscles on post side cannot function anymore= hip extensors, abductors, lateral rotators = opposites of these muscles are unbalanced bc stretched = leg position odd
26
Describe blood supply of hip joint
Hip joint, femoral head and neck = supplied by arterial ring
27
What forms arterial ring
Formed by medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries (branches of deep femoral a)
28
Describe whole branching pattern
Ext iliac —> femoral —> first branch = deep femoral —> medial and lateral circumflex arteries Internal ilaic —> ant division—> Obturator artery —>Foveal a
29
Describe medial and lateral circumflex arteries
Medial = on posterior neck Lateral = on anterior neck Forms ring = anastomose and gives out Little branches = blood to trochanter and femoral head and neck
30
Describe foveal artery
Within ligament of head of femur Form obturator artery = where fovea is (ligament of head of femur)
31
Name most superficial gluteal muscles
Gluteus Maximus Tensor fascia lata
32
Describe iliotibial band/tract
Lateral thickening of fascia lata Inserts onto lateral tibial condole (crosses hip and knee joints, ilium —> lateral condyle) Aka IT BAND
33
Describe gluteus Maximus attachments
From posterior sacroiliac ligament and sacrotuberous ligament to gluteal tuberosit y and IT BAND
34
Describe gluteus Maximus fucntions
Extension and lateral rotation of hip
35
Describe tensor fascia lata attachments
From Asis to lateral tibial condyle via it band (continuous with it band) Smaller, embedded in it band
36
Describe tensor fascia lata functions
Weak hip medial rotation, flexion and abduction Stabilized hip and knee joints by tensing it band (coordination between hip and knee joint)
37
Name hip abductor muscles
Gluteus medium Gluteus minimus Under gluteus Maximus
38
Describe gluteus medius attachments
Prox= posterior surface of ilium Distal = superior aspect of greater trochanter
39
Describe gluteus medius Main function
Hip abduction
40
Describe gluteus minimus attachments
Prox= posterior surface of ilium (minimus deep to medius) Distal = anterior aspect of greater trochanter
41
Describe gluteus minimus Main function
Hip abduction
42
Describe gluteus minimus Accessory functions
Hip medial rotation and flexion Can also do - weak - bc anterior to hip joint
43
Why hip abductors important muscles
In controlling pelvic drop - during one legged phase in walking and running Hip would fall - to counter and keep center of gravity = need these muscles Would have opposite abductors active to compensate = pelvic drop
44
Name hip lateral rotators
Piriformis Obturator internus Superior and inferior gemelli Qudaratus femoris Obturator externus
45
Describe piriformis attachments
From anterior sacrum - on inside To greater trochanter (exit pelvis via greater sciatic foramen)
46
Describe piriformis accessory functions
Abduction
47
Describe piriformis main function
Hip lateral rotation
48
Describe obturator internus attachment
From bony borders of obturator foramen inside pelvis To greater trochanter (exit pelvis via lessser sciatic foramen)
49
Describe obturator internus main function
Hip lateral rotation
50
Describe superior gemellus attachment
From ischial spin e To greater trochanter
51
Describe inferior gemellus attachment
From ischium To greater trochanter
52
Describe superior gemellus main function
Hip lateral rotation
53
Describe inferior gemellus main function
Hip lateral rotation
54
What is between gemelli
Tendon of obturator internus = Gemellus sanwhichc
55
Describe qudartus femoris attachment
From ischium To inter trochanteric crest
56
Describe qudartus femoris main function
Hip lateral rotation
57
Describe obturator externus attachment
From bony rim of obturator foramen external to pelvic cavity To inter trochanteric crest ON ANTERIOR side, still behind hip joint tho
58
Describe obturator externus function
Lateral rotation of hip
59
What levels is superior gluteal nerve
L4-s1
60
Describe what superior gluteal nerve innervates
Gluteus medius and minimus (runs between these) Tensor fascia lata
61
Where does superior gluteal nerve exit pelvis
Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen ABOVE piriformis
62
What levels is inferior gluteal nerve
L5-s2
63
Describe what inferior gluteal nerve innervates
Gluteus Maximus
64
How does inferior gluteal nerve exit pelvis
Exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen BELOW piriformis
65
What does piriformis serve as
Landmark for neurovasculature scturtrues
66
Name spinal levels sciatic nerve
L4-s3
67
How does sciatic nerve exit
BELOW piriformis With inf gluteal nerve But not Motor to gluteal region
68
Describe posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
S1-s3 Part of gluteal region and mainly posterior thigh
69
Name the divisions of sciatic nerve
Tibial and common fibular nerves
70
How are lateral rotators innervated - gen
Most = innervated directly from Sacral nerves (like nerve to… piriformis, gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris) ONE Exception
71
How are lateral rotators innervated - EXCEPTION
Obturator externus = innervated by obturator nerve
72
DOES Sciatic nerve always emerge inferior to piriformis
NAWWWWW - normally emerges inferior piriformis, runs posterior to other lateral rotators, with variations Most of time =80-90% branches under Sometimes = 8-10% of Time, tibial under and common fibular through piriformis Rarely = 1-2% tibial under, and common fibular Above piriformis
73
Describe clinical correlate of sciatic nerve
Sciatic nerve entrapment = piriformis syndrome Piriformis impinges on sciatic nerves = causes pain down leg and in gluteal region
74
Describe sensory innervation of gluteal region = generally
Cute angus area innervated by a spinal nerve (dermatome) DOES NOT MAP 1-1 with area innervated by peripheral nerve = bc peripheral nerves usually receive contributions from multiple spinal levels = mix and matches
75
Name nerves that provide sensory to gluteal region
Cluneal nerve = superior, medial, inferior, mostly posterior rami - but soem from ant rami, areas covered do not map onto dermatomes Posterior femoral cutaneous
76
Describe posterior femoral cutaneous - sensory
PFC S1-s3 Anterior/posterior rami Runs with sciatic Sensory to posterior thigh
77
Describe inferior cluneal nerve
Branch of posterior femoral cutaneous Innervates upper thigh and inferior buttocks
78
Is sciatic sensory to gluteal region
NOOOOO Not sensory in gluteal region
79
Do spinal nerves cover the same areas as named nerves
Noooooo
80
Describe blood supply to gluteal region
Mainly from inferior and superior gluteal arteries = branches of internal illaic arteries Follow gluteal nerves in relation to piriformis muscle Veins accompany muscles
81
Describe pathway of blood supply to gluteal region
Internal ilaic —> Posterior division —> superior gluteal artery (exit above piriformis) Anterior division —> inferior gluteal artery (exits below piriformis)

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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