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ANAT 314 > Lecture 8: Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

Compare abd region to back and thorax

A

Abd has relatively few bony places for muscle atcthments

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2
Q

First layer abd

A

Skin then superficial fascia (underneath skin) = campers fascia (superficial, fatty layer, variable), scarpa’s fascia (deeper membranous layer)

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3
Q

2nd layer abd

A

Thoracolumbar fascia - deep fascia/epimysium fo erector spinae

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4
Q

3rd layer abd

A

3 anterolateral abd wall muscles = ext oblique, int oblique, transversus abdominis

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5
Q

4th layer abd

A

Transversalis fascia

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6
Q

5th layer abd

A

Parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

Describe recuts sheath

A

Receives contribution from abd muscles
Rectus abdominis = ant wall

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8
Q

Describe linea alba

A

Anchorage point
Big fibrous band

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9
Q

Describe anterior abd muscles

A

Some similarities with 3 intercostals
3 muscular layers with Fiber oriented differently

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10
Q

What happens to ant abd muscles

A

Becomes aponeurotic medically = converge onto thickened medial ct band = linea alba

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11
Q

Name and describe all common functions of ant abd muscles

A

Bilateral = flexion of vertebral column, especially thoracic and lumbar lower regions
Force expiration = accessory muscle of resp , contract and change vol abd cavity = push abd up = forceful expir
Compression of abdominal organs, for defecation, urination, birth

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12
Q

Lateral attachment of external oblique

A

Outer surface ribs 5-12

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13
Q

anterior/medial attachment of external oblique

A

Linea alba via aponeurosis
Public tubercle
Iliac crest
(Pubic tubercle to sternum)

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14
Q

Fiber orientation ext oblique

A

Superior/posterior to inferior/anterior = hands in pockets, like external intercostals

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15
Q

Additional trunk functions ext oblique

A

Unilateral = ispilateral flexion (rib attachments move)
Contra lateral rotation

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16
Q

Describe side plank

A

Pelvis to ribs = ribs fixed, pull pelvis towards ribs
Reduce angel on same side

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17
Q

Describe side bend

A

Ribs to pelvis = pelvis fixed, pull ribs towards pelvis

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18
Q

Postero lateral attachments of internal oblique

A

Origin off tlf
Iliac crest
Asis (broad attachment)

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19
Q

Medial attachments of internal oblique

A

Inferior border of ribs 10-12
Pubic tubercle —> linea alba —> xiphoid process

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20
Q

Fiber orientation of internal oblique

A

Variable
Superior half at right angles to ext oblique
Perpendicular to extras obqlie
Fibers change orientation

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21
Q

Additional functions internal oblique

A

Ispilateral trunk flexion
Ispilateral trunk rotation

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22
Q

Describe exercise of trunk rotation

A

Ispilateral internal oblique
And contra lateral external oblique

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23
Q

Describe transversus abdominis

A

In transverse plane

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24
Q

Postero lateral attachments transversus abdominis

A

From tlf
Iliac crest, over to asis
Internal surface of costal cartilages of ribs 6/7-12

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25
Medial attachment transversus abdominis
Linea alba Pubic crest
26
Fiber orientation transversus abdominis
Transverse = horizontal
27
Additional functions transversus abdominis
Ispilateral rotation maybe - do not know Especially important for compression abd contents during defecation, urination, giving brith = increase intra abdominal pressure
28
Fiber orientation rectus abdominis
Superior inferior = vertical
29
Separations rectus abdominis
Separated by 3 tendinous intersections = Xiphoid tip, halfway in between, umbilicus Sometimes, 4-5 intersections, depends on person
30
Superior attachments rectus abdominis
Ribs 5-7, and xiphoid process
31
Inferior attachments rectus abdominis
Pubic crest and symphysis (midline paired muscle)
32
Functions rectus abdominis
Trunk flexion = primary (lower thoracic and lumbar regions) Compression of abdomen
33
Describe when sit up
Ribs to pelvis, legs fixed Bring thoracic wall closer
34
Describe when reverse crunch
Brings pelvis closer to ribs Back fixed
35
Describe functions of rectus abdominis In detail
Flexion at thoracic and lumbar zygopophyseal joints Crosses these but far way = lever arms far from joint = good
36
Describe rectus sheath
Aponeurosis of 3 anterolateral muscles
37
Describe above arcuate line
External oblique = 1/2 internal Rectus abdominis 1/2 internal oblique + transversus abdominus All against transversalis fascia
38
Describe below arcuate line
All anterior to rectus abdominis Leaves rectus abdominis in direct contact with transversalis fascia
39
Describe linea alba - surface anatomy
Visible too
40
Describe arcuate line - surface anatomy
Between pubic crest and navel
41
Describe tendinous intersections - surface anatomy
Tendinous intersection fo rectus abdominis creates a SIX PACK
42
Describe linea semilunaris - surface anatomy
Convergence of obliques and transversus aponeuroses on rectus abdominis 3 abd muscle converge as aponeurosis and then will make rectus sheath One on each side
43
What is clinical correlate of linea semilunaris
Where linea semilunaris crosses arcuate line = area of weakness Below this point = no more rectus sheath against viscera, = can lead to spigelian hernias
44
Describe abd wall innervation generally
Motor and sensory = from ant rami of spinal nerves t7-l1
45
Describe thoracoabdominal nerves
T7-t11 = continuation fo intercostal nerves Beyond ribs into abdomen Run between int oblique and transversis abdominus Pierces rectus abdominus as anterior cutaneous branches (Leaves free edge of rib, when reaches costal cartilages) MOTOR + SENSORY
46
Describe subcostal nerves
T12 SPECIAL bc below last rib
47
Describe iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
L1 split into 2 branches Named branches of l1
48
Where does blood supply of abd wall come from - name
Terminal branches internal thoracic = musculophrenic, superior epigastric Last intercostal and subcostal free ends External iliac —> inferior epigastric
49
Describe off internal thoracic artery blood supply to abd
Musculophrenic = to upper lateral wall Superior epigastric = to upper 1/2 of rectus abdominis
50
Describe intercostal blood supply to abd
Last intercostal and subcostal = to posterior and lateral wall
51
Describe external iliac blood supply to abd
Inferior epigastric = inferior 1/2 of rectus abdominis Ducks under posterior rectus sheath at arcuate line = goes up back wall and ducks under rectus sheath Also connects to superior epigastric
52
What muscles sort of make up post abd wall
Diaphragm Transversus abdominis Iliacus = but technically in pelvis
53
What muscles actually make up post abd wall
Psoas major and minor Quadratus lumborum
54
Describe psoas minor attachment
Vertebral bodies t12/l1 to pubis (inguinal lig)
55
Describe psoas minor action
Assists in lumbar felxion - does not cross hip joint so no actions Anterior to zygopophyseal joints
56
Describe psoas minor innervation
Ant Ramus l1
57
Describe psoas major attachment
Vertebral bodies t12/l4 to lesser trochanter of femur (jointly with iliacus = iliopsoas)
58
Describe psoas major Action
Primarily hip flexion - crosses hip joint Assists in lumbar flexion and lateral flexion
59
Describe psoas major Innervation
Ant rami l1-l3
60
Where is quadratus lumborum
Posterior to psoas
61
Attachments quadratus lumborum
Iliac crest to transverse processes of l1-l4 and inferior edge rib 12
62
Action quadratus lumborum
Bilateral = assist in trunk extension Unilateral = ispilateral lumbar lateral flexion
63
Innervation quadratus lumborum
Ant rami t12 to l4
64
Describe iliopsoas
Attaches to femur Crosses hip joint
65
Describe what passes through diaphragm
Hiatuses for inferior vena cava, aorta and esophagus
66
name all diaphragmatic hiatuses and which level they at
Ivc = t8 Esophagus = t10 Aorta = t12
67
What else does diagram have - besides hiatuses
Passage fo muscles = make up arcuate ligaments (w/ aortic hiatus)
68
Quadratus lumborum passes through…
Lateral arcuate ligament
69
Psoas passes through…
Medial arcuate ligament
70
Aorta passes through…
Median arcuate ligament

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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