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ANAT 314 > Lecture 13: Posterior thigh and knee > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Posterior thigh and knee Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Describe msucles of posterior thigh

A

Hamstrings = 3 msucles, 4 heads
= biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

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2
Q

Name common proximal attachment of hamstrings

A

Ischial tuberosity
Except short short of biceps femoris

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3
Q

Name functions fo hamstrings

A

Hip extension - passse post at high joint
Knee flexion
Exception = short head biceps femoris - doesn’t contribute to hip extension

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4
Q

Descrivbe biceps femoris

A

2 heads -
Long and short
Separate origins, common insertion

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5
Q

Describe long head biceps femoris attachments

A

Ischial tuberosity
To head of fibula

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6
Q

Describe short head biceps femoris attachments

A

Posterior femur - nest to linea aspera
To head of fibula

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7
Q

Describe biceps femoris tendon

A

Tendon
Need to cut long head part to see short head part

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8
Q

SemiTendinosus attachments

A

Ischial tuberosity to
Anteromedial tibia - pes anserinus

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9
Q

Semimembranosus attachments

A

Ischial tuberosity to
Posteromedial tibia
(Flatter tendon)

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10
Q

What do hamstrings contribute to

A

Superior border of popliteal fossa - splitting of hamstring msucles
Medial = semitendinosus and membrnaosus
Lateral = biceps femoris

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11
Q

Pes anserinus

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semi tendinosus

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12
Q

Innervation of hamstrings generally

A

Sciatic nerve and its branches - l4-s3

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13
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris short head

A

Common fibular branch sciatic

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14
Q

Innervation of biceps femoris long head

A

Tibial branch sciatic

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15
Q

Innervation of semitendinosus

A

Tibial branch sciatic

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16
Q

Innervation of semi membranosus

A

Tibial branch sciatic

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17
Q

Sensory to posterior thigh

A

Not sciatic
Sensory = posterior femoral cutaneous

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18
Q

Blood supply to posterior thigh

A

Via perforating arteries of deep formal artery
Openings in adductor Magnus allow perforating arteries to travel from ant to posterior

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19
Q

Blood supply to knee and below

A

Femoral artery

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20
Q

What makes up knee joint

A

Patella
Femur
Tibia
Large, not very stable

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21
Q

Name the 3 articulations of knee joint

A

Tibial plateau = medial femoral with medial tibial condyle, lateral femoral with lateral tibial condyle = 2
Patella with patellar groove of femur - femoral trochlea = 1

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22
Q

Which bones do not contact each other in knee joint

A

Patella and tibial
Separated by infrapatellar fat pad
patella only in contact with femur

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23
Q

Describe patellar ligament

A

Continuation of quadriceps tendon
How patella connected to tibial tuberosity

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24
Q

Describe infra patellar fat pad

A

Behind patella ligament = cushions

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25
Describe supra patellar pouch
Contraction of synovI’ll capsule onto anterior side Accommodate range of motion Particularly large on anterior side bc gets most stretched in flexion
26
What is purpose of suprapatellar pouch - explains more
Rom = 120-150 degrees Capacious - roomy synovial cavity to accommodate large range fo motion - due to suprapetellar pouch - superior continuation of synovial cavity
27
Describe clinical correlate knee joint
Patellofemoral pain syndrome Runners knee -misalignment - improper tracking of patella in patellar groove Lateral shift = patella rubs against another part of articular cartilage = can cause erosion and degeneration of trochlea and patella
28
What are causes of patellofemoral pain syndrome
Variable Can include weak vastus medialis or lateralis or tight it band= lead to lateral pull on patella in groove If one weaker = pulls too much
29
What are treatments of patellofemoral pain syndrome
Strengthen quadriceps - vastus medialis to restore proper tracking of petals in the patellar groove or braces to physically prevent lateral tracking
30
Why do we need to reinforce knee joint
Can do some axial rot but need to limit it Also to limit flex/ext KNEE SHOULD NEVER ADD/ABDUCT
31
Name ligaments that reinforce knee joint
Collateral ligaments Cruciate ligaments
32
Name extra capsular ligaments
Medial tibial collateral ligament - mcl Lateral fibular collateral ligament - lcl
33
Describe attachments of medial collateral ligament
Medial femoral epicondyle, Proximal tibia Medial meniscus
34
Describe features of medial collateral ligament
Flat band Blended with joint capsule wall Firm attachment to medial meniscus Most commonly injured - if excessive axial rot
35
Describe attachments of lateral collateral ligament
Lateral femoral epicondyle Head of fibula
36
Describe features of lateral collateral ligament
Round - cord like Completely outside joint capsule Smaller - distal femur to head fibula
37
What are functions of collateral ligaments
Stabilize knee Limit excessive flex/ext and axial ro Prevent exceeding rom
38
Name intra capsular ligaments
Anterior Cruciate ligament posterior Cruciate ligament - cross each other Still outside synovial cavity/membrane tho
39
Describe anterior Cruciate ligament
Backwards, upwards, lateral Medial on tibia to lateral femoral condyle femur
40
Describe posterior Cruciate ligament
Forwards, upwards, medial
41
Describe functions of anterior Cruciate ligament
Stabilize knee Limit anterior translation of tibia relative to femur
42
Describe functions of posterior Cruciate ligament
Limit posterior translation of tibia relative to femur
43
Describe functions of both anterior and posterior Cruciate ligaments
Limit axial rotation
44
What does acl limit
Anterior displacement of tibia on fixed femur
45
What does pcl limit
Posterior displacement of tibia on fixed femur
46
What do both acl and pcl limit
Axial rotation of knee
47
Describe rupture of Cruciate ligaments
Sudden medial rotation of femur relative to fixed tibia - especially acl Whenever student rotation of femur relative to a fixed tibia - even when against ground Like skiing, or soccer or hockey
48
Describe drawer tests - gen
Asses motion of tibia relative to femur Tested with flexed leg so both ligaments are lax
49
Describe drawer tests - anterior drawer sign
If can pull tibial more on one side towards anterior = acl ruptured
50
Describe drawer tests - posterior drawer sign
If push tibia back more on one side = pcl ruptured
51
What are menisci
Fibrocartilaginous discs - wedge shaped in coronal section = provide cushioning for knee and increase joint congruence of femoral and tibial condylar surfaces = fills in space
52
Function of menisci
Not good congruence between femoral condyels so menisci = provide more surface area for bones = stabilize by distributing stress for stability
53
Where are menisci
Inside both fibrous capsule and synovial cavity
54
Describe medial meniscus
Attached to mcl Relative immobile Crescent shaped
55
Describe lateral meniscus
Fairly mobile Circular in shape - almost complete O Not anchored Sits on lateral condyle femur
56
Describe capsular relations of collateral ligaments
Outside fibrous capsule = lcl Blended with fibrous capsule = mcl
57
Describe capsular relations of cruciate ligaments
Inside fibrous capsule but outside synovial cavity
58
Describe capsular relations of menisci
Inside synovial cavity
59
How are acl and pcl not in synovial cavity but inside fibrous capsule???
Synovial membrane draped over acl = rests on it
60
Describe screw home mechanism
In full knee extension = tibia and femur rotate axially on each other = locking knee into a more stable position
61
Describe screw home mechanism = when tibia fixed
Like while standing Femur rotates medially to lock at full extension = strengthens knee joint Laterally to unlock
62
Describe screw home mechanism = when femur fixed
Like when sitting or leg extension machine Tibia rotates laterally to lock Medically to unlock
63
Describe popliteus muscle attachments
From lateral femoral condyle - deep to lcl To posterior superior tibia, medial half
64
Describe popliteus muscle function
Helps to unlock knee - lat rotation And initiate flexion
65
What is popliteal fossa
Diamond shaped area posterior to knee joint
66
Popliteal fossa borders
Bordered by hamstrings superiorly = semitendinosus and membranosus medially and biceps femoris laterally Gastrocnemius heads inferiorly
67
What is in popliteal fossa
Many nerves and vascular structure s Also many lymph nodes here
68
Describe nerves in popliteal fossa
Sciatic = ends near superior border of popliteal fossa Branches = tibial continues down leg and then common fibular goes towards outside leg Medial and lateral aural cutaneous nerves = sensory for surface
69
Descrive msucles of popliteal fossa
A above = semis and biceps femoris quadriceps Below = medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius = knee flexor and akle plantar flexor
70
What vascular contents pass through popliteal fossa
Continuation femoral artery and veins = popliteal artery and vein Lesser sapphenous vein - lateral dorsal venous arch, drains superficially, drains into femoral vein
71
Describe what happens when femoral artery and vein passs through adductor hiatus
Becomes popliteal Artery and vein
72
What supplies knee
Popliteal arter via genicular anastomosis Lateral and medial branches popliteal artery above and below Genicular arteries to knee, and anastomose = patellar network Also supplies synovial capsule
73
How ro remember direction of Cruciate Ligaments
FUM - forwards, upwards, medial = pcl BUL - backwards, upwards, lateral = acl

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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