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ANAT 314 > Lecture 15: Leg and foot pt2 > Flashcards

Lecture 15: Leg and foot pt2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name arches of foot

A

Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse arch

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2
Q

What are arch functions

A

Load absorption - cushion weight
Increases rigidity for propulsion - stiffen foot
Some energy storage - when stretch, when foot arches recoil = energy returned to us

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3
Q

What does each arch have

A

Has a keystone tarsal - a bone at apex of the arch that helps maintain its shape
Prevents collapsing - provides stability, sit at top/Apex kinda

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4
Q

Keystone for medial longitudinal arch

A

Talus

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5
Q

Keystone for lateral longitudinal arch

A

Cuboid

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6
Q

Keystone for transverse arch

A

Intermediate cuneiform

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7
Q

Name ligaments for arches of foot soft tissues - longitudinal arch support

A

Spring ligament
Long plantar ligament
Plantar aponeurosis
Takes in energy and can return it

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8
Q

Name ligaments for arches of foot soft tissues - transverse arch support

A

Tendon of Tibialis posterior and Fibualris longus
Dynamic stability - bc can contract, support and absorb load

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9
Q

What supports arches

A

Arches receive passive support from ligaments and dynamic/active stability from muscles of leg and intrinsic foot

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10
Q

Name muscles of dorsum of foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis

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11
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis attachments

A

Calcaneus to tendons of extensor digitorum longus on digits 2-4

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12
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis functions

A

Extension of metatarsal phalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4

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13
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis attachments

A

Calcaneus- with extensor digtorum brevis to proximal phalanx of hallux

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14
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis fucntions

A

Extension of hallux at metatarsalphalangeal joints

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15
Q

Describe how extensor hallucis and digitorum brevis pass through ankle

A

Pass under superior and inferior extensor retinacula
2 brevis msucles are synergists with their respective longus muscles
But without actions at ankle joint

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16
Q

Describe intrinsic msucles - sole of foot - all layers

A

Sole - plantar surface of foot consists of 4 layers of msucles located deep to plantar aponeurosis/fascia - underneath
Layer 1 = 3 components
Layer 2 = 4 components
Layer 3 = 3 components
Layer 4 = 4 components
Components = musclotendinous units

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17
Q

Describe plantar aponeurosis

A

Aka plantar fascia
Tough fascial sheet on plantar surface of the foot, anchored to calcaneus and metatarsal heads- also provides passive support to medial longitudinal arch
Maintain longitudinal arches, absorb energy

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18
Q

Describe clinical correlate for plantar aponeurosis

A

Can lead to inflammation - of plantar fascia at its attachment to calcaneus
Common in athletes who perform exercises with frequent heel striking and individuals who are obese bc load with more weight repetively

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19
Q

Describe 1st layer instrinsic plantar muscles

A

3 msucles = abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

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20
Q

Describe tendons of intrinsic plantar muscles 1st layer

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum brevis splits to let the tendon of flexor digitorum longus to pass through to distal phalanx

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21
Q

Attachments flexor digitorum brevis

A

Calcaneus to middle phalanx toes 2-5

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22
Q

fucntions flexor digitorum brevis

A

Flexion of lateral 4 toes at metatarsal phalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints
Synergists to flexor digitorum longus

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23
Q

Attachments abductor digiti minimi

A

Calcaneus o lateral base of proximal phalanx 5

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24
Q

fucntions abductor digiti minimi

A

Abduction of metatarsal phalangeal 5

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25
Attachments abductor hallucis
Calcaneus to medial base of proximal phalanx 1
26
fucntions abductor hallucis
Abduction of metatarsal phalangeal 1
27
Describe 2nd layer of instrinsic plantar muscles/tendons
2 msucles 2 tendons
28
Describe quadatrus plantae attachments
Calcaneus to common part of flexor digitorum longus
29
Describe quadatrus plantae functions
Assist and offset oblique pull of flexor digitorum longus (Redirect force bc flexor digitorum longus pulls all these joints over to medial side = which we don’t want to happen )
30
Describe lumbricals attachment
Flexor digitorum longus tendon to extensor hood on toes 2-3
31
Describe lumbricals fucntion
Metatarsal phalangeal flexion - change direction, plantar Interphalangeal extension - dorsal surface
32
Describe 3rd layer intrinsic plantar msucles
3 msucles
33
Flexor hallucis brevis attachments
Medial and lateral heads From cuboid/cuneiforms to medial/lateral base of proximal phalanx 1
34
Flexor hallucis brevis Actions
Flex metatarsal phalangeal 1
35
Flexor digiti minimi brevis attchemnts
Base metatarsal 5 to base of proximal phalanx 5
36
Flexor digiti minimi brevis functions
Flex metatarsal phalangeal 5 - compliment slip of flexor digitroum longus
37
Adductor Hallucis attachments
From lateral metatarsals - transverse head and long plantar ligament - oblique head To lateral base of proximal phalanx 1 - they come together
38
Adductor Hallucis Functions
Adductor metatarsal phalangeal 1 Help maintains transverse arch (Evolutionary history - do not have opposable big toe anymore)
39
What is long plantar ligament
Tendon of 3 muscles= flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
40
Describe 4th layer intrinsic plantar msucles
2 muscles - both attach to 2nd toe, and 2nd toe always abducts - midline 2 tendons
41
Describe tendons of 4th layer + FUCNTIONS
Fibularis longus tendon Tibialis posterior tendon = help maintain transverse plantar arch
42
Describe plantar interossei attachments
3x Metatarsal shafts 3-5 to medial base of proximal phalanges 3-5
43
Describe plantar interossei functions
Adduct toes 3-5 Towards second toe
44
PAD
Plantar adduction of toes 3-5
45
Describe dorsal interossei attachments
4x Metatarsal shafts 1-5 to base of proximal phalanges 2-4
46
Describe dorsal interossei action
Abduct toes 2-4
47
DAB
Dorsal abduction of toes 2-4
48
WHAT INNERVATES LEG AND FOOT
Tibial nerve - l5-s3 Branch sciatic
49
DESCRIBE TIBIAL NERVE - branches
In sole after medial malleolus splits into medial plantar and lateral plantar nerve - to sole foot muscles
50
INNERVation gastrocnemius
Tibial nerve L5-S3
51
Innervation soleus
Tibial nerve L5-S3
52
Innervation Plantaris
Tibial nerve L5-S3
53
Innervation Tibialis posterior
Tibial nerve L5-S3
54
Innervation flexor hallucis longus
Tibial nerve L5-S3
55
Innervation flexor digitorum longus
Tibial nerve L5-S3
56
Describe lateral plantar nerve motor
Adductor hallucis - 7 shaped msucle, wraps around and innervated this msucle Quadratus plantae Lumbricals to 3,4,5 Both digit minimi muscles Interosseous (More lateral msucles but not super defined)
57
Describe medial plantar nerve motor
abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor hallucis brevis Medial lumbrical - to 2 (More medial msucles but not super defined)
58
Describe lateral plantar nerve sensory
Lateral aspect up to ball anf pinky toe
59
Describe medial plantar nerve Sensory
Sole of foot - ball under big toe and tips of toe
60
Describe common fibualr nerve
Branch sciatic Common fibular - L2-S4 - WRAPS to anterior side and then splits into deep fibular and superficial Fibular nerve
61
Describe deep fibular nerve
Motor to anterior compartment of leg Also to dorsum of foot
62
Innervation Tibialis anterior
Deep fibular nerve
63
Innervation extensor hallucis longus
Deep fibular nerve
64
Innervation extensor digitorum longus
Deep fibular nerve
65
Innervation Fibualris tertius
Deep fibular nerve
66
Describe superficial fibular nerve
Motor to lateral compartment of leg
67
What innervates Fibualris longus and brevis
Superficial fibular nerve
68
Innervation extensor hallucis brevis
Deep fibular nerve
69
Innervation extensor digitorum brevis
Deep fibular nerve
70
Describe sensory innervation of leg and foot
Femoral nerve —> sapphenous to medial leg Sural nerves = sensory from distal branches sciatic to posterior and lateral leg, also to pinky toe Tibial nerve — plantar nerves = sole of foot Superficial fibular nerve = dorsum of foot Deep fibualr nerve = small portion inbetween digits 1-2
71
Describe popliteal artery
Popliteal gives off genicular arteries Terminates and becomes 2 terminal branches = posterior and anterior tibial arteries
72
Describe posterior tibial artery
Blood supply to posterior compartment of leg Branches off to give Fibular artery
73
Describe anterior tibial artery
Blood supply to anterior compartment of leg - through hole in interosseus membrane
74
Describe fibular artery
Branch blood supply to post/lat - mostly lateral compartment of leg
75
Describe bundles of vascular supply to leg
Posterior tibial artery runs with tibial nerev Anterior tibial artery runs with deep fibular nerve
76
Describe dorsum vascular supply
Anterior tibial artery passes under extensor retinacula Continuation fo anterior tibial nerve = dorsalis pedis artery Arcuate arch Dorsal metatarsal and digital arteries
77
Describe vascular supply of sole fo foot
Posterior tibial artery branches into lateral plantar artery and medial plantar artery Plantar arch - lateral plantar artery ducks under this Plantar metatarsal and digital arteries
78
Where do plantar neurovascular structures travel
Plantar neurovasculature structures travel mainly in 2nd layer of the foot Need to reflect flexor digitorum brevis
79
Describe tarsal tunnel
Pass as bundle Tendons, vasculature and nerves running posterior to medial malleolus deep to flexor retinaculum (medial malleolus to calcaneus)
80
Tarsal tunnel contents
Anterior to posterior TOM = Tibialis posterior DICK = flexor Digitorum longus AND = posterior tibial Artery VERY = posterior tibial Vein NERVOUS = tibial Nerve HARRY = flexor Hallucis longus
81
Describe tendons of 2nd intrinsic plantar layer
Flexor hallucis longus tendon Flexor digitorum longus tendon

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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