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ANAT 314 > Lecture 5: Muscles of back > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Muscles of back Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 categories of back muscles

A

Extrinsic
Intrinsic

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2
Q

Describe extrinsic muscles of back

A

Superficial muscles

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3
Q

Describe extrinsic muscles of back - general proximal attachments

A

On axial Skeleton
But distal attachments may be in upper limb = move into limb
Leave axial skel

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4
Q

Describe extrinsic muscles of back - primary function

A

Movement of upper limb

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5
Q

Describe extrinsic muscles of back - motor innervation

A

Ant rami of spinal nerves and CN XI

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6
Q

Describe intrinsic muscles of back

A

Deeper layers
Deep to extrinsics

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7
Q

Describe intrinsic muscles of back - general attachments

A

On vertebrae and or ribs
= attachments limited to axial Skeleton

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8
Q

Describe intrinsic muscles of back - primary functions

A

Movement and support fo vertebral column

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9
Q

Describe intrinsic muscles of back - motor innervation

A

Post rami of spinal nerves

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10
Q

Describe first layer of extrinsic = name layers

A

Most superficial= trapezius, latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

What do traps look like

A

diamond shape

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12
Q

Proximal attachments trapezius

A

Axial = from skull = external occipital protuberance (bump on skull)
nuchal ligament and
supraspinous ligament along spinous processes of c7 to t12

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13
Q

distal attachments trapezius

A

Scapula and lateral 1/3 of clavicle (wraps around)

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14
Q

Innervation trap

A

Cranial nerve xi = spinal accessory nerve

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15
Q

Function as trap

A

Primarily upper limb mover
When axial skel and skull fixed = trap moves scapula relative to rib cage

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16
Q

Trap function as back/neck muscle = when scapula fixed

A

Bilateral = next extension (head and neck bc crosses Altanto occipital joint)
Unilateral = isplateral flexion and contra lateral axial rotation of head and neck

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17
Q

What does lat mean

A

Broadest of the back

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18
Q

Is whole of lat completely visible

A

NOOO
Superior portion covered by trapezius

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19
Q

Proximal axial attachments of latissimus Dorsi

A

T7-t12 spinous processes
Thoracolumabr fascia - via aponeurosis
Ilium attachment by aponeurosis

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20
Q

Distal limb attachments of latissimus Dorsi

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus = crosses shoulder joint

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21
Q

Describe function of lat as back muscle

A

Bilateral = thoracic spine extension
Unilateral = ipsilateral lateral flexion of lumbar spine primarily

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22
Q

What is thoracolumbar fascia

A

Complex multi layered ct structure composed to fascia and aponeuroses of back muscles = epimysium, deep fascia and aponeurosis of external muscles

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23
Q

Where does tlf extend

A

Ilium/sacrum to neck

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24
Q

What is tlf composed of

A

Deep fascia surrounding intrinsic back muscles and aponeuroses of some extrinsic muscles - including lats

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25
What happens to tlf in lumbar region
Separates intrinsic back muscles from posterior abd wall muscles = psoas and quadratus lumborum
26
Generally describe tlf
Continuous with abd wall muscles Posterior layer wraps erector spinae Origins of aponeurosis serratus posterior inferior and latissimus dorsi
27
What makes up extrinsic second layer
Levator scapulae Rhomboid major and minor
28
Axial attachment levator scapulae
Transverse processes of c1-c4
29
Limb attachments levator scapulae
Superior angle of scapula
30
Functions of levator scapulae
Primary = movement of scapula = elevation, shrug muscle Secondary = bilateral= extension of cervical spine, unlateral = ispilateral lateral flexion fo cervical spine
31
Innervation lats
Thoracodorsal nerve = c6-c8
32
Innervation levator scapulae
Ant rami c3-c5
33
What is rhomboid major and minor shaped like
Rhomboids
34
Are rhomboids covered
Yes by traps Entirely
35
Axial attachments rhomboids
Spinous processes c6-t4
36
limb attachments rhomboids
Medial border of scapula
37
functions rhomboids
None in back Only movement of scapula = elevate and move medically
38
Innervation rhomboids
Dorsal scapular nerve = c5
39
What makes up extrinsic deepest layer = 3rd layer
Serratus posterior superior and inferior
40
Proximal vertebral attachments of serratus posterior superior
Nuchal ligament Spinous processes c7-t3 (4 slips covered by rhomboids)
41
Distal rib attachments of serratus posterior superior
Superior border of ribs 1-4 Slips across costotransverse joints
42
Function of serratus posterior superior
Elevation of upper ribs = accessory muscles of respiration
43
innervation of serratus posterior superior
T2-t5 ant rami
44
vertebral proximal attachments of serratus posterior inferior
Tlf = contributes aponeurosis to tlf Spinous processes t11-l2 = around 5 slips sometimes
45
distal limb attachments of serratus posterior inferior
Inferior border ribs 8/9-12
46
Function of serratus posterior inferior
Depression fo lower ribs = accessory muscles of respiration = forceful expiration
47
Innervation of serratus posterior inferior
T9-t12 ant rami
48
Name intrinsic intermediate layer muscles
Erector spinae
49
Describe erector spinae - gen
Extensors of back Group of 3 parallel columns on either side of spinous processes Extend from pelvis to neck (all 3 muscles insert on neck too)
50
Describe erector spinae - the muscles
Named from lateral to medial = iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
51
Where is erector spinae
In thorax and lumbar region Covered by tlf (their own deep fascia)
52
What is erector spinae surrounded by
Own epimysium = contributes to tlf
53
Attachments iliocostalis and longissimus
Sacrum/ilium and vertebral processes to ribs
54
Attachments spinalis
Inferior to superior spinous processes
55
Functions of erector spinae
Bilateral = spine extension Unilateral = spinal ispilateral lateral flexion = especially iliocostalis (greater distance, to centre of rotation = better at this motion bc of this)
56
Innervation of erector spinae
Post rami of adjacent spinal nerves = smaller
57
Trick to remember erector spinae muscles
I LIKE STANDING = (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)helps you stand and good posture
58
Describe erector spinae functions - explain more
Gliding movement at zygophophyseal joints = very small at each joint but sum of all actions across vertebrae= create motion Intervertebral joint becomes more wedge shaped = haas to move Sup slides onto inf
59
Describe evolutionary fun fact = erector spinae
Spinous processes are longer in species that run like horses, or whose heads/trunks generate large pitching torques = more spine extensor muscle mass with better ability to generate Counter torque = bc gravity acting on head
60
What makes up intrinsic deeper layers
Various muscles = multifidus, levatores costarum, rotattores longus and brevis, medial and lateral intertransversarius, interspinales
61
Describe general function of deepest layer intrinsics
Spine stabilization and fine movement (posture, contribute to extension, rotation)
62
Describe innevration of deepest layer intrinsic
Posterior rami of spinal nerves at same level
63
Describe mutifidus
Not lats bc lats more superficial, but same area Good at extending spine
64
Describe levatores costarum
Rib elevators Accessory muscle of resp = increase volume of cage, bucket handle movement
65
Describe rotatores longus and brevis
Skip vertebrae and go to one above it Axial rotation
66
Describe medial and lateral intertransversarius
Between transverse processes
67
Describe interspinales
Between spinous processes
68
Describe general invention of extrinsics
Ant rami Trap = spinal accessory Lats = c6-c8 Rhomboids = c3-c5 Serratus posterior sup = t2-t5 Serratus posterior inf = t9-t12
69
Describe general invention of intrinsics
Posterior rami
70
Describe back innervation - sensory
Posterior ram are also mixed = areas overlapping location of erector spinae will form dermatomes Form dermatoems = continuous with ant rami at same level in terms of skin Pierce through extrinsics of back
71
Describe arterial supply to instinsic and deep extrinsic muscles - gen
Deep extrinsic = serratus posterior Comes from dorsal branches of segmental Arteries of aorta = posterior intercostal, lumbar arteries and of internal iliac (lateral sacral)
72
Describe lateral sacral a
Gives off little branches that goes back throug ant sacral foramina —> towards back and provide blood o whole column of intrinsic back muscles
73
Describe dorsal branches
To back muscles, skin, vertebral Columns and spinal cord Off post intercostal and lumbar
74
What is given blood supply by dorsal branches
Spinal cord Dorsal root ganglion Spinal nerve beginnings
75
Describe arterial supply to extrinsic back muscles and TLF
Terminal branches of same dorsal branches that supply intrinsic muscles And individual arteries branching off subclavian/axillary system to neck and upper limb (mostly to upper limbs)
76
What goes through muscles
Terminal branches of POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL AND LUMBAR arteries, veins and posterior ramus of spinal nerves = go through to skin
77
Describe dorsal scapular artery
To rhomboids Trapezius Levator scapuale
78
Describe transverse cervical artery
To trapezius Rhomboids (between these 2)
79
Describe thoracodorsal artery
To latissimus/tlf
80
Describe branching of extrinsic supply to back muscles
Subclavian —> axillary (under clavicle) Axillary gives = transverse cervical, dorsal scapular and thoracodorsal
81
Describe function fo lats
Primarily Shoulder mover when scapula fixed Abducts = medically rotates shoulder (same orientation as teres major)
82
What is curious about serratus posterior
Attachments stay in axial skel but still apart of extrinsic group bc innervation is by ant rami
83
Why is serratus posterior named this
Comes from serrated appearance of rib attachments

ANAT 314 (27 decks)

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