Lab Flashcards
1
Q
Anterior etymology
A
To go before
2
Q
Posterior etymology
A
Posterns, following
3
Q
Dorsal etymology
A
Dorsum, back
4
Q
Ventral etymology
A
Venter, belly
5
Q
Proximal etymology
A
Proximus, nearest
6
Q
Distal etymology
A
Di+sto, to be distant
7
Q
Lateral etymology
A
Latus, side
8
Q
Medial etymology
A
Medialis, middle
9
Q
Superficial etymology
A
Superficialis, surface
10
Q
Deep etymology
A
Deop, deep
11
Q
Nose to forehead
A
Inferioir
12
Q
Mouth to chin
A
Superior
13
Q
Teeth to throat
A
Anterior
14
Q
Brain to eyes
A
Posterior
15
Q
Spine to breastbone
A
Dorsal
16
Q
Navel to spine
A
Ventral
17
Q
Elbow to wrist
A
Proximal
18
Q
Knee to hip
A
Distal
19
Q
Nipple to breastbone
A
Lateral
20
Q
Bridge of nose to eye
A
Medial
21
Q
Skin to muscle
A
Superficial
22
Q
Lungs to ribs
A
Deep
23
Q
Esophagus to trachea
A
Posterior
24
Q
Veins to arteries
A
Superficial
25
Forehead
Frontal
26
Breast
Mammary
27
Leg
Crural
28
Ear
Otic
29
Navel
Umbilical
30
Mouth
Oral
31
Arm
Brachial
32
Genital
Pubic
33
Thigh
Femoral
34
Chin
Mental
35
Fingers/toes
Digital
36
Cheek
Buccal
37
Eye
Orbital
38
Groin
Inguinal
39
Front of elbow
Antecubital
40
Breastbone
Sternal
41
Kneecap
Patellar
42
Nose
Nasal
43
Top of foot
Dorsum
44
Forearm
Antebrachial
45
Neck
Cervical
45
Collarbone
Clavicular
46
Wrist
Carpal
47
Hip
Coxal
48
Palm
Palmar
49
Ankle
Talus
50
Chest
Pectoral
51
Pelvis
Pelvic
52
Buttock
Gluteal
53
Back of the hand
Dorsum
54
Base of skull
Occipital
55
Point of shoulder
Acromial
56
Loin
Lumbar
57
Sole
Plantar
58
Spinal column
Vertebral
59
Calf
Sural
60
Skull
Cranial
61
Perineum
Perineal
62
Back of neck
Nuchal
63
Shoulder blade
Scapular
64
Point of elbow
Olecranon
65
Between hips
Sacral
66
Hollow behind knee
Popliteal
67
Heel
Calcaneal
68
Two sets of cavity
Dorsal
| Ventral
69
Dorsal cavities
Cranial
| Spinal
70
Ventral cavities
Thoracic
| Abdominopelvic
71
Thoracic cavities
Pericardial
| Pleural
72
Abdominopelvic cavities
Peritoneal
73
Cell activites
Nutrition, Respiration, Responsiveness, Reproduction, Growth, Adaptability
74
They have no membrane-bound nucleus
prokaryotic cells
75
17th century, discovered cell
Robert Hooke
76
plants were made up of cells
Matthias Schleiden
77
animals were made up of cells
Theodor Schwann
78
formulated cell theory
Rudolf Virchow
79
Similarities between plant and animal cells
1. Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
| 2. Both have a nucleus
80
Differences between Animal and Plant cells
Animal: smaller in size, irregular shape, no cell wall, vacuole small/absent, nucleus at the center
Plant: larger in size, regular shape, cell wall present, large central vacuole, nucleus near the wall
81
three main phases of process of growth of cell
cell division, cell enlargement, cell differentiation
82
When cell divides, _____ divides first the _____
nucleus, cytoplasm
83
When nuclear division is not followed by cytoplasmic division
binucleated cell may result
84
Repeated nuclear divisions without their corresponding cytoplasmic divisions may result in
multinucleated cell or coenocyte or syncytium
85
Mitosis is a kind of
nuclear division
86
Cytoplasmic division
cytokinesis
87
Before the cell undergoes mitosis
interphase, resting of intermitotic stage
88
Mitosis is a _____ process
continuous
89
process that divides into 2 cells
Cell division
90
Why do cells need to divide?
1. grow into more cells
2. repair damaged tissues
3. if cell is so big, cannot get enough nutrients and let out waste
91
thread-like DNA, non-dividing
Chromatin
92
double, coiled dividing
Chromosome
93
has a specific number
Chromosome Number
94
2 chromosomes in a cell
Diploid
95
chromosomes in human
46
96
1 chromosome in a cell
haploid
97
division of nucleus into 2 nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes; occurs in all the somatic body cells
Mitosis
98
chromosome coils up
; nuclear envelope disappear
; spindle fibers form
Prophase
99
```
longest phase
; cell growth and developments
; DNA replication
cell grow, carries out normal cell activities
; replicates all other organelles
```
Interphase
100
chromosomes line up in the middle of cell
| ; spindle fibers connect to chromosome
Metaphase
101
chromosome copies divided
| ; spindle fibers pull chromosome to opposite pole
Anaphase
102
chromosome uncoil
; nuclear envelope form
; 2 new nuclei are formed
; spindle fibers disappear
Telophase
103
the division of the rest of the cell (cytoplasm and organelles) after the nucleus divides
Cytokinesis
104
Summary of Cell Cycle
Interphase -> Mitosis (PMAT) -> Cytokinesis
105
is the external body covering of an organism
integument
106
Integument comes from the Latin word integumentum which means
a covering
107
The integument system includes
skin and accessory organs
108
composed of cuboidal or columnar cells that undergo mitosis
S. basale
109
Consists of dead, squamous cells filled with keratin
S. corneum
110
Formation of fingerprint and footprint patterns
papillary layer
111
Three layers of cells that contain granules
S. granulosum
112
Flat, polyhedral cells that appear as cytoplasmic extensions
S. spinosum
113
A clear layer of closely packed cells
S. lucidum
114
Protects the body against invasion of substances in the external environment
S. corneum
115
Prominent in the thick skin of the palms and soles
S. lucidum
116
Cholesterol is changed to vitamin D on exposure to ultraviolet rays
S. basale
117
Restricts loss of body water
S. corneum
118
series of events cells go through as they grow and divide
Cell Cycle
119
Four types of animal tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
120
flat appearance and typical mosaic or flat stone arrangement of a sheet of the epitelium
Squamous epithelium
121
typically found in gland and gland-like organs
Cuboidal epihelium
122
finger-like projections
villi
123
function of villi
increase amount of surface area available for absorption of food
124
villi projections with striated borders
microvilli
125
gap or plug on free edges of columnar epithelial cells
goblet cells
126
function of goblet cells
secret mucous to cover and protect the columnar epithelium from being damaged by acid from the stomach
127
composed of a protein called collagen and are white in their natural state
white fibrous tissue
128
most common type of cartilage; skeletal framework
hyaline cartilage
129
embedded in a matrix of collagen fibers on which calcium salts are deposited
bone
130
osteocytes are trapped in small chambers called
lacunae
131
bone is laid down in areas of concentric layers called
lamellae
132
lacunae, lamellae, central canal
haversian system
133
circulating connective tissue in fluid matrix plasma rather than an independent tissue type
blood
134
two major portions of blood
liquid and cellular portion
135
liquid portion
plasma
136
cellular portion
red (erythrocytes) and white (leukocytes) blood cells
137
contracting to move food along the digestive tract
peristalsis
138
other name of skeletal muscle
voluntary striated muscle
139
differences between muscles
skeletal- striated, voluntary
cardia - striated, involuntary
smooth- not striated, involuntary
140
thickened junctions between the end membranes of individual cells of the fiber
intercalated discs
141
basic cellular component of nervous tissue
neuron
142
Classification of burns
Partial-thickness burns
| Full-thickness burns
143
Partial-thickness burns
First and Second-degree burns
144
Full-thickness burns
Third Degree burns
145
First degree burn
epidermis
146
Second degree burn
dermis
147
Third-degree burn
hypodermis
148
way to assess degree of burns
Rule of Nines
149
organs of epigastrium
Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, Spleen, Adrenal Glands
150
organs of right hypochondriac
Liver, Gallbladder, Right Kidney, Small Intestine
151
organs of left hypochondriac
Spleen, Colon, Left Kidney, Pancreas
152
organs of umbilical
Umbilicus, Jejunum, Ileum, Duodenum
153
organs of right lumbar
Gallbladder, Liver, Right Colon
154
organs of left lumbar
Descending Colon, Left Kidney
155
organs of hypogastric
Urinary Bladder, Sigmoid Colon, Female Reproductive Organs
156
organs of right iliac
Appendix, Cecum
157
organs of left iliac
Descending Colon, Sigmoid Colon
